TABLE 1

Results of linear regression of oral health inflammation with lung function post-bronchodilation and additional adjustment for high sensitivity serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO)

 Subjects nGingival bleeding# Subjects nOral hygiene
  Adjusted model+Additional adjustment hs-CRPAdditional adjustment FeNO  Adjusted model+Additional adjustment hs-CRPAdditional adjustment FeNO
  Beta95% CIp-valueBeta95% CIp-valueBeta95% CIp-valueBeta95% CIp-valueBeta95% CIp-valueBeta95% CIp-value
FEV1 LFEV1 L
 None753Ref.Ref.Ref. None563Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–3145−0.019−0.10–0.060.584−0.015−0.09–0.060.668−0.020−0.10–0.060.569 1261−0.028−0.09–0.030.344−0.025−0.08–0.030.412−0.029−0.09–0.030.340
 3–681−0.093−0.19–0.010.049−0.091−0.19–0.010.053−0.093−0.19–0.010.049 2–6155−0.056−0.13–0.020.116−0.055−0.13–0.020.123−0.056−0.13–0.020.116
FVC LFVC L
 None753Ref.Ref.Ref. None563Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–31450.007−0.07–0.090.8680.012−0.07–0.090.7610.005−0.07–0.080.900 1261−0.026−0.08–0.030.436−0.021−0.08–0.040.525−0.027−0.09–0.030.427
 3–681−0.115−0.21– −0.020.028−0.113−0.21– −0.010.031−0.116−0.21– −0.020.028 2–6155−0.033−0.11–0.050.407−0.032−0.11–0.050.426−0.033−0.11–0.050.408
FEV1/FVCFEV1/FVC
 None753Ref.Ref.Ref. None563Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–3145−0.007−0.01– −0.010.119−0.007−0.01– −0.010.111−0.007−0.01– −0.010.123 1261−0.003−0.00– −0.000.489−0.003−0.00– −0.000.468−0.003−0.00– −0.00)0.494
 3–6810.001−0.02–0.020.8100.001−0.02–0.020.8190.001−0.02–0.020.809 2–6155−0.007−0.01– −0.010.138−0.007−0.01– −0.010.136−0.007−0.01– −0.010.138
FEF25–75 L·s−1FEF25–75 L·s−1
 None753Ref.Ref.Ref. None563Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–3145−0.119−0.28–0.040.114−0.114−0.27–0.040.132−0.12−0.28–0.040.114 1261−0.032−0.15–0.090.614−0.027−0.14–0.090.673−0.032−0.15–0.090.616
 3–681−0.092−0.29–0.100.358−0.09−0.29–0.110.369−0.092−0.29–0.100.358 2–6155−0.151−0.31–0.010.046−0.150−0.31–0.010.048−0.151−0.31–0.010.046
FEV1 GLI z-scoreFEV1 GLI z-score
 None753Ref.Ref.Ref. None563Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–3145−0.045−0.20–0.110.571−0.037−0.19–0.120.644−0.045−0.20–0.110.570 1261−0.073−0.21–0.060.274−0.066−0.20–0.070.326−0.073−0.21–0.060.275
 3–681−0.204−0.42–0.010.052−0.201−0.42–0.010.056−0.204−0.42–0.010.052 2–6155−0.13−0.29–0.030.102−0.128−0.28–0.030.108−0.130−0.29–0.030.102
FVC GLI z-scoreFVC GLI z-score
 None753Ref.Ref.Ref. None563Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–31450.006−0.15–0.160.9360.016−0.14–0.170.8340.005−0.15–0.160.949 1261−0.064−0.20–0.070.331−0.055−0.19–0.080.401−0.064−0.20–0.070.328
 3–681−0.221−0.42– −0.020.032−0.217−0.41– −0.020.034−0.221−0.42– −0.020.031 2–6155−0.073−0.23–0.080.350−0.070−0.23–0.090.366−0.073−0.23–0.080.351
FVC/FEV1 GLI z-scoreFVC/FEV1 GLI z-score
 None737Ref.Ref.Ref. None551Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–3145−0.081−0.26–0.100.357−0.087−0.26–0.090.326−0.084−0.26–0.090.340 1257−0.024−0.16–0.110.745−0.029−0.19–0.130.695−0.025−0.16–0.110.738
 3–680−0.009−0.24–0.230.938−0.011−0.25–0.220.925−0.010−0.25–0.230.933 2–6154−0.088−0.26–0.090.323−0.089−0.27–0.090.316−0.087−0.26–0.090.325
FEF25–75 GLI z-scoreFEF25–75 GLI z-score
 None753Ref.Ref.Ref. None563Ref.Ref.Ref.
 1–3145−0.126−0.28–0.030.121−0.120−0.28–0.040.140−0.127−0.28–0.030.120 1261−0.037−0.17–0.100.587−0.032−0.17–0.110.646−0.037−0.17–0.100.588
 3–681−0.095−0.31–0.120.376−0.093−0.31–0.120.388−0.095−0.31–0.120.376 2–6155−0.163−0.32– −0.010.046−0.161−0.32–−0.000.048−0.163−0.32– −0.010.046

Bold indicates statistically significant relationships. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; Ref.: reference; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEF25–75: forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC; GLI: Global Lung Initiative. #: number of sextants with sulcus bleeding; : number of sextants with a community periodontal index degree >0; +: adjusted for study, sex, age, height, weight, education level, smoking, medication within the last 7 days, and current asthma or positive bronchodilation.