Baseline characteristics and clinical variables of enrolled patients: ProCAP trial
| Subjects | 150 |
| General characteristics | |
| Age years | 73.0 (56.0–82.0) |
| Male | 93 (62.0) |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 24.8 (22.2–28.7) |
| Smoker | 32 (21.3) |
| Pack-years | 30.0 (20.0–50.0) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 35 (23.3) |
| COPD | 32 (21.3) |
| Asthma | 3 (2.0) |
| Heart failure | 9 (6.0) |
| Coronary artery disease | 47 (31.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 9 (6.0) |
| Renal insufficiency | 34 (22.7) |
| Neoplastic disease | 23 (15.3) |
| Antibiotic pre-treatment | 31 (20.7) |
| Clinical variables | |
| Systolic blood pressure mmHg | 130.0 (113.0–142.0) |
| Heart rate beats·min−1 | 96.0 (84.0–108.0) |
| Respiratory rate breaths·min−1 | 22.0 (18.0–27.0) |
| Body temperature (in-ear) °C | 38.5 (37.7–39.3) |
| SIRS points | 3 (2–4) |
| PSI class# | |
| I, II and III | 64 (42.7) |
| IV and V | 86 (57.3) |
| PSI score# | 95 (71–115) |
| Laboratory values | |
| C-reactive protein mg·L−1 | 135.5 (74.0–216.4) |
| Procalcitonin ng·dL−1 | 0.4 (0.2–1.4) |
| White blood cell count ×109 L−1 | 12.8 (9.0–15.4) |
| Fasting glucose mmol·L−1 | 6.8 (5.8–8.7) |
Data are presented as n, median (IQR) or n (%). BMI: body mass index; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; PSI: Pneumonia Severity Index. #: the PSI is a clinical prediction rule to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia [25]; PSI risk class I corresponds to age ≤50 years and no risk factors (≤50 points), risk class II to <70 points, risk class III to 71–90 points, risk class IV to 91–130 points and risk class V to >130 points.