Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and associated disorders
| Idiopathic PPHN | Myocardial dysfunction (asphyxia, infection) |
| Down syndrome | Structural cardiac diseases |
| Meconium aspiration syndrome | Hepatic and cerebral arteriovenous malformations |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | |
| Transient tachypnoea of the newborn | Associations with other diseases: |
| Pneumonia/sepsis | Placental dysfunction (pre-eclampsia, chorioamnionitis, maternal hypertension) |
| Developmental lung disease | Metabolic disease |
| Peri-natal stress | Maternal drug use or smoking |