Patient demographics, lung function and ventilation magnetic resonance imaging metrics at end-inspiratory tidal volume (EIVT)
| All patients | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | |
| Subjects n (% female) | 32 (53) | 6 | 12 | 14 |
| Age years | 16.7 (6.4–43.1) | 10.1 (6.4–16.5) | 12.7 (8.3–17.4) | 29.9 (14.9–43.1)*,# |
| Height cm | 156.2±17.7 | 137.0±16.1 | 153.7±16.3 | 166.4±11.7* |
| Weight kg | 49.7±18.4 | 32.8±12.5 | 45.1±15.1 | 60.9±16.2* |
| FEV1 z-score | −1.8±2.03 | 0.5±1.2 | −0.6±0.7 | −3.9±0.9*,# |
| RV/TLC % | 33.9 (17.8–52.6) | 23.5 (19.9–26.5) | 24.9 (17.8–35.3) | 47.7 (31.6–52.6)*,# |
| LCI | 10.0 (6.0–17.8) | 6.7 (6.0–7.0) | 7.9 (7.4–10.3) | 13.3 (8.3–17.8)*,# |
| Scond | 0.07±0.03 | 0.04±0.02 | 0.08±0.02* | 0.09±0.03* |
| Sacin | 0.14 (0.04–0.55) | 0.08 (0.04–0.10) | 0.10 (0.05–0.19) | 0.30 (0.14–0.55)*,# |
| LCIsupine | 9.6 (6.2–20.2) | 6.9 (6.2–8.3) | 9.1 (7.0–10.6) | 14.1 (7.7–20.2)*,# |
| VDP % | 14.9 (0.2–45.0) | 2.7 (0.2–3.3) | 4.2 (1.5–9.2) | 29.0 (9.5–45.0)*,# |
| VHI % | 15.1 (6.7–22.2) | 8.9 (6.7–11.3) | 12.1 (9.3–17.8) | 20.1 (15.0–22.2)*,# |
| Largest defect %TCV | 3.1 (0.03–26.8) | 0.7 (0.03–1.3) | 1.2 (0.1–3.5) | 15.2 (3.8–26.8)*,# |
| ndefects | 7 (2–24) | 16 (9–18) | 13 (4–24) | 3 (2–7)*,# |
Data are presented as n, median (range) or mean±sd, depending on the distribution of individual metrics. Results are displayed for the whole population and for the three groups of patients. Group 1: patients with normal spirometry and lung clearance index (LCI); group 2: patients with normal spirometry but abnormal LCI; group 3: abnormal spirometry and LCI. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; RV: residual volume; TLC: total lung capacity; Scond: convection-dependent ventilation heterogeneity; Sacin: convection–diffusion-dependent ventilation heterogeneity; VDP: ventilation defect percentage; VHI: ventilation heterogeneity index; TCV: thoracic cavity volume; ndefects: number of defects. *: p<0.05 versus group 1; #: p<0.05 versus group 2.