Demographic and clinical characteristics of control participants and patients with mild obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and moderate-to-severe OSA
| Control (1) | Mild OSA (2) | Moderate-to-severe OSA (3) | F/Chi-squared values | Post hoc tests | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Participants n | 22 | 42 | 67 | ||
| Age years | 64.0±6.9 | 63.5±6.3 | 65.0±6.8 | 0.7 | |
| Sex male % | 59.1 | 78.6 | 79.1 | 3.9 | |
| Education years | 14.7±3.5 | 15.5±3.0 | 14.7±4.4 | 0.5 | |
| Clinical | |||||
| BMI kg·m−2 | 25.6±3.1 | 27.2±4.0 | 29.5±3.8 | 10.3** | 1, 2<3 |
| VBI | 0.8±1.0 | 1.0±1.2 | 1.2±1.2 | 1.2 | |
| BDI-II | 5.7±5.0 | 6.8±6.0 | 7.2±5.5 | 0.62 | |
| BAI | 4.1±4.3 | 4.0±4.1 | 4.5±4.7 | 0.21 | |
| ESS | 7.4±5.2 | 7.2±4.6 | 9.1±4.7 | 2.5 | |
| PSQI | 3.9±2.8 | 4.7±2.9 | 5.8±3.3 | 3.8* | 1<3 |
| MCI % | 36.4 | 40.5 | 40.3 | 0.1 | |
| Sleep | |||||
| Stage N1 % | 16.6±7.1 | 19.6±8.2 | 28.1±13.8 | 12.1** | 1, 2<3 |
| Stage N2 % | 58.1±7.8 | 56.2±8.4 | 51.6±11.0 | 5.1** | 1>3 |
| Stage N3 % | 9.6±9.0 | 8.6±10.2 | 6.3±7.2 | 1.7 | |
| REM % | 15.6±4.3 | 15.7±5.6 | 13.0±5.7 | 3.8* | 2>3 |
| TST min | 366.9±61.1 | 363.5±72.8 | 355.2±72.3 | 0.3 | |
| Awakenings | 37.3±13.7 | 39.7±13.6 | 54.3±26.8 | 8.5** | 1, 2<3 |
| Efficiency % | 77.6±11.0 | 77.9±11.9 | 77.5±12.0 | 0.0 | |
| AHI events·h−1 | 2.3±1.5 | 9.5±3.1 | 34.5±14.7 | 110.9** | 1<2<3 |
| Mean SpO2 % | 95.1±1.1 | 94.9±1.1 | 93.9±1.2 | 13.8** | 1, 2>3 |
| SpO2 <90% min | 0.2±0.5 | 1.9±3.2 | 19.0±25.8 | 14.8** | 1, 2<3 |
Results are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise indicated. BMI: body mass index; VBI: vascular burden index; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II; BAI: Beck Anxiety Inventory; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; REM: rapid eye movement; TST: total sleep time; AHI: apnoea–hypopnoea index; SpO2: arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01.