Validity appraisal of the nine vicious circle models identified in the systematic literature search
| Paths confirmation (confirmed paths#/total hypothesised paths) | Model fit | |||
| Chi-squared, d.f., p-value | RMSEA (90% CI) | CFI | ||
| Threshold value | Chi-squared/d.f. <2.0 and p≥0.050 | <0.070 (0.050–0.100) | >0.950 | |
| Reference | ||||
| Cooper [5] | 4/4 | 93.1, 6, <0.001 | 0.263 (0.272–0.390) | 0.138 |
| Polkey and Moxhan [8] | 3/4 | 30.0, 6, <0.001 | 0.213 (0.141–0.292) | 0.347 |
| Cooper [32] | 8/12 | 303.9, 52, <0.001 | 0.172 (0.154–0.191) | 0.523 |
| Reardon et al. [7] | 3/3 | 70.3, 3, <0.001 | 0.327 (0.263–0.395) | 0.576 |
| Decramer [33] | 9/11 | 233.2, 42, <0.001 | 0.176 (0.155–0.198) | 0.629 |
| Donaldson et al. [34] | 1/4 | 75.7, 6, <0.001 | 0.235 (0.190–0.284) | 0.114 |
| Maltais [35] | 4/7 | 188.6, 21, <0.001 | 0.195 (0.170–0.221) | 0.495 |
| Garcia-Aymerich and Pitta [36] | 4/7 | 375.4, 21, <0.001 | 0.283 (0.259–0.309) | 0.098 |
| Corhay et al. [37] | 3/5 | 135.0, 5, <0.001 | 0.352 (0.302–0.404) | 0.161 |
d.f.: degrees of freedom; RMSEA: root mean square error of approximation; CFI: comparative fit index. #: statistically significant path coefficients in the hypothesised direction/total number of tested paths. Full values in figure 1.