AATD patients | Non-AATD patients | p-value | |
Subjects | 157 | 506 | |
Age at COPD diagnosis years | 46.4±7.8 | 47.7±7.7 | 0.061 |
Age at AATD testing years | 48.3±9.0 | 49.9±9.2 | 0.016# |
Sex | |||
Female | 59 (37.6) | 254 (50.2) | 0.007# |
Male | 98 (62.4) | 252 (49.8) | |
BMI kg·m−2 | |||
<18.5 (underweight) | 11 (7.3) | 35 (7.2) | 0.066 |
18.5–24.9 (normal) | 74 (49.3) | 200 (40.9) | |
25.0–29.9 (overweight) | 42 (28.0) | 129 (26.4) | |
≥30 (obese) | 23 (15.3) | 125 (25.6) | |
Missing | 7 (4.5) | 17 (3.4) | |
Smoking status | |||
Current smoker | 56 (36.8) | 260 (51.7) | 0.004# |
Ex-smoker | 75 (49.3) | 179 (35.6) | |
Nonsmoker | 21 (13.8) | 64 (12.7) | |
Missing | 5 (3.2) | 3 (0.6) | |
GOLD spirometric severity | |||
Mild | 20 (14.6) | 76 (16.0) | <0.001# |
Moderate | 37 (27.0) | 225 (47.4) | |
Severe | 44 (32.1) | 127 (26.7) | |
Very severe | 36 (26.3) | 47 (9.9) | |
Missing | 20 (12.7) | 31 (6.1) | |
FEV1 % pred | |||
<10 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) | <0.001# |
≥10– <20 | 9 (6.6) | 14 (2.9) | |
≥20– <30 | 27 (19.7) | 31 (6.5) | |
≥30– <40 | 26 (19.0) | 65 (13.7) | |
≥40– <50 | 18 (13.1) | 62 (13.1) | |
≥50– <60 | 7 (5.1) | 78 (16.4) | |
≥60– <70 | 14 (10.2) | 78 (16.4) | |
≥70– <80 | 14 (10.2) | 67 (14.1) | |
≥80– <90 | 9 (6.6) | 33 (6.9) | |
≥90 | 13 (9.5) | 45 (9.5) | |
Missing | 20 (12.7) | 31 (6.1) | |
GOLD 2017 grade | |||
A | 24 (24.0) | 128 (29.4) | 0.018# |
B | 7 (7.0) | 61 (14.0) | |
C | 39 (39.0) | 108 (24.8) | |
D | 30 (30.0) | 138 (31.7) | |
Missing | 57 (36.3) | 71 (14.0) | |
Annual exacerbation rate (in the year prior to AATD testing) | |||
0 | 80 (51.0) | 201 (39.7) | 0.110 |
1 | 30 (19.1) | 126 (24.9) | |
2 | 21 (13.4) | 71 (14.0) | |
3 | 9 (5.7) | 47 (9.3) | |
4 | 11 (7.0) | 30 (5.9) | |
5 | 5 (3.2) | 15 (3.0) | |
≥6 | 1 (0.6) | 16 (3.2) |
Data are presented as n, mean±sd or n (%), unless otherwise stated. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI: body mass index; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s. p-values from the Chi-squared test or the Mann–Whitney test, as appropriate. Following Chi-squared tests the residuals were used to determine the nature of the dependence where necessary. #: p<0.05.