Clinical characteristics
| “Non-PH” | Ipc-PH | Cpc-PH | iPAH | |
| Subjects | 6 | 20 | 35 | 31 |
| Age years | 67.9±16.9 | 65.3±12.8 | 66.3±11.2 | 46.9±17.9 |
| Female | 3 (50.0) | 14 (70.0) | 16 (45.7) | 21 (67.7) |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 26.3±6.1 | 29.4±6.4 | 27.3±5.4 | 25.3±5.0 |
| NYHA functional class | ||||
| I | 2 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 4 (12.9) |
| II | 2 (33.3) | 6 (30.0) | 6 (17.1) | 5 (16.1) |
| III | 2 (33.3) | 11 (55.0) | 15 (42.9) | 13 (41.9) |
| IV | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | 13 (37.1) | 9 (29.0) |
| Drug therapy | ||||
| Thiazide diuretics | 1 (16.7) | 3 (15.0) | 7 (20.0) | 0 (0) |
| Loop diuretics | 0 (0) | 11 (55.0) | 27 (77.1) | 10 (32.3) |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists | 1 (16.7) | 10 (50.0) | 23 (65.7) | 13 (41.9) |
| ACEI/ARB | 3 (50.0) | 13 (65.0) | 23 (65.7) | 3 (9.7) |
| Digoxin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (17.1) | 0 (0) |
| β-Blockers | 2 (33.3) | 11 (55.0) | 23 (65.7) | 9 (29.0) |
| Ca2+ channel blockers | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | 8 (22.9) | 4 (12.9) |
| Heart failure | ||||
| Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction | 0 (0) | 14 (70.0) | 26 (74.3) | 0 (0) |
| Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | 6 (17.1) | 0 (0) |
| Valvular heart disease# | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | 3 (8.6) | 0 (0) |
| Mitral regurgitation | 0 (0) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) |
| Mitral stenosis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) |
| Aortic regurgitation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0) |
| Tricuspid regurgitation | ||||
| Moderate to severe | 0 (0) | 1 (5.0) | 4 (11.4) | 5 (16.1) |
| Severe | 0 (0) | 4 (20.0) | 13 (37.1) | 4 (12.9) |
| Arterial hypertension | 6 (100.0) | 14 (70.0) | 27 (77.1) | 8 (25.8) |
| Stable ischaemic heart disease | 1 (16.7) | 4 (20.0) | 11 (31.4) | 0 (0) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (16.7) | 9 (45.0) | 19 (54.3) | 1 (3.2) |
| COPD GOLD stage 1 or 2 | 2 (33.3) | 4 (20.0) | 8 (22.9) | 0 (0) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Creatinine clearance <60 mL·min−1 | 2 (33.3) | 10 (50.0) | 16 (45.7) | 3 (9.7) |
| NT-proBNP pg·mL−1 | 389.4 (38.7–538.1) | 1757.0 (326.4–4167.5) | 1272.0 (788.3–5298.8) | 822.0 (234.1–2197.5) |
Data are presented as n, mean±sd, n (%) or median (interquartile range). PH: pulmonary hypertension; Ipc-PH: isolated post-capillary PH; Cpc-PH: combined post- and pre-capillary PH; iPAH: idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; BMI: body mass index; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. #: moderate to severe or severe valvular heart disease.