Demographic features of 84 premenopausal lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) patients
| Patients | 84 |
| Age at LAM diagnosis years | 34.7±7.1 |
| Age at first symptoms years | 32.0±7.2 |
| History of pneumothorax | 48 (57) |
| History of TSC | 18 (21) |
| History of chylothorax | 19 (22) |
| History of lymphangioleiomyomas | 26 (31) |
| History of angiomyolipoma | 49 (58) |
| History of anti-oestrogen therapy | 29 (34) |
| History of pneumonia | 7 (8) |
| Initial presentation | |
| Dyspnoea | 25 (30) |
| Pneumothorax | 33 (39) |
| Haemoptysis | 7 (8) |
| Abdominal pain | 5 (6) |
| Cough | 4 (5) |
| Chest pain | 3 (3) |
| No symptoms | 7 (8) |
| Mode of diagnosis | |
| Lung biopsy | 43 (51) |
| Abdominal mass biopsy | 6 (7) |
| Characteristic CT and TSC | 10 (12) |
| Characteristic CT and lymphangioleiomyoma | 8 (10) |
| Characteristic CT and angiomyolipoma | 7 (8) |
| Characteristic CT and chylous effusion | 1 (1) |
| Characteristic CT scan and elevated serum VEGF-D levels | 2 (2) |
Data are presented as n, mean±sd or n (%). TSC: tuberous sclerosis complex; CT: computed tomography; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.