Demographic and clinical characteristics of the whole chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cohort and the deceased COPD patients from 2005 to 2014
| Whole cohort | Deceased patients | |||||
| Whole cohort | Received PCS | No PCS | Deceased patients | Received PCS | No PCS | |
| Total (% of total) | n=92 365 (100) | n=7198 (7.8) | n=85 167 (92.2) | n=26 135 (100) | n=5595 (21.4) | n=20 540 (78.6) |
| Follow-up years | 4.2 (1.9–7.2) | 4.3 (2.2–7.0) | 4.1 (1.9–7.3) | 3.3 (1.5–5.6) | 3.9 (2–6.3) | 3.1 (1.4–5.3) |
| Age years | 67.8±11.4 | 71.8±9.7 | 67.5±11.6 | 74±9.6 | 72.3±9.3 | 74.5±9.5 |
| Age category years | ||||||
| ≤65 | 35 994 (39) | 1703 (23.7) | 34 291 (40.3) | 4628 (17.7) | 3408 (16.6) | 1220 (21.8) |
| 65–75 | 29 424 (31.9) | 2624 (36.5) | 26 800 (31.5) | 8339 (31.9) | 6296 (30.7) | 2043 (36.5) |
| ≥75 | 26 947 (29.2) | 2871 (39.9) | 24 076 (28.3) | 13 168 (50.4) | 10 836 (52.8) | 2332 (41.7) |
| Male | 49 801 (53.9) | 4134 (57.4) | 45 667 (53.6) | 15 215 (58.2) | 3256 (58.2) | 11 959 (58.2) |
| Myocardial infarction | 6232 (7.4) | 726 (10.1) | 6309 (7.4) | 3004 (11.5) | 576 (10.3) | 2428 (11.8) |
| Stroke | 5526 (6.1) | 573 (8) | 5062 (5.9) | 2390 (9.1) | 451 (8.1) | 1939 (9.4) |
| Heart failure | 9673 (10.6) | 1140 (15.8) | 8747 (10.3) | 5335 (20.4) | 903 (16.1) | 4432 (21.6) |
| Lung cancer | 4138 (4.5) | 2071 (28.8) | 2380 (2.8) | 3121 (11.9) | 1764 (31.5) | 1357 (6.6) |
| Anxiety | 19 990 (21.9) | 1765 (24.5) | 18 536 (21.8) | 5425 (20.8) | 1356 (24.2) | 4069 (19.8) |
| Depression | 21 836 (23.9) | 1693 (23.5) | 20 459 (24.0) | 5375 (20.6) | 1268 (22.7) | 4107 (20) |
| BMI kg·m−2 | n=86 789 | n=6 486 | n=89 789 | n=24 686 | n=5382 | n=19 304 |
| <19 (underweight) | 8144 (9.1) | 1060 (15.3) | 7084 (8.6) | 4075 (16.5) | 843 (15.7) | 3232 (16.7) |
| 19–25 (normal) | 30 656 (34.1) | 2780 (40) | 27 876 (33.7) | 9842 (39.9) | 2207 (41) | 7635 (39.6) |
| 25–30 (overweight) | 27 738 (30.9) | 1854 (26.7) | 25 884 (31.3) | 6272 (25.4) | 1417 (26.3) | 4855 (25.2) |
| ≥30 (obese) | 23 251 (25.9) | 1253 (18) | 21 998 (26.7) | 4497 (18.2) | 915 (17) | 3582 (18.6) |
| Smoking status | n=89 789 | n=6726 | n=84 392 | n=24 686 | n=5382 | n=19 304 |
| Current smoker | 46 900 (52.3) | 3440 (49.5) | 43 460 (52.5) | 11 744 (47.6) | 2646 (49.2) | 9098 (47.1) |
| Ex-smoker | 42 889 (47.8) | 3507 (50.5) | 39 382 (47.5) | 12 942 (52.4) | 2736 (50.8) | 10 206 (52.9) |
| GOLD stage | n=56 159 | n=5017 | n=59 362 | n=16 118 | n=3614 | n=12 504 |
| 1 | 12 996 (23.1) | 917 (19.7) | 12 049 (23.4) | 3411 (21.2) | 723 (20) | 2688 (21.5) |
| 2 | 23 352 (41.6) | 1651 (35.5) | 21 701 (42.1) | 4989 (31) | 1249 (34.6) | 3740 (29.9) |
| 3 | 15 259 (27.2) | 1442 (31) | 13 817 (26.8) | 5360 (33.3) | 1132 (31.3) | 4228 (33.8) |
| 4 | 4582 (8.2) | 643 (13.8) | 3939 (7.7) | 2358 (14.6) | 510 (14.1) | 1848 (14.8) |
| MRC Dyspnoea score | n=71 985 | n=4656 | n=66 177 | n=15 104 | n=3668 | n=11 436 |
| 1 | 11 168 (15.5) | 393 (7.7) | 10 775 (16.1) | 1156 (7.7) | 296 (8.1) | 860 (7.5) |
| 2 | 23 856 (33.1) | 1099 (21.6) | 22 757 (34) | 3097 (20.5) | 774 (21.1) | 2323 (20.3) |
| 3 | 18 666 (25.9) | 1233 (24.2) | 17 433 (26) | 3899 (25.8) | 877 (23.9) | 3 022 (26.4) |
| 4 | 13 644 (19) | 1421 (27.9) | 12 223 (18.3) | 4431 (29.3) | 1011 (27.6) | 3420 (29.9) |
| 5 | 4651 (6.5) | 943 (18.5) | 3708 (5.5) | 2521 (16.7) | 710 (19.4) | 1811 (15.8) |
| Exacerbations in baseline year | n=92 365 | n=6726 | n=91 201 | n=26 135 | n=5595 | n=20 540 |
| 0 | 46 898 (50.8) | 3227 (44.8) | 43 671 (51.3) | 11 762 (45) | 2516 (45) | 9246 (45) |
| ≤2 (moderate) | 27 991 (30.3) | 2178 (30.3) | 25 813 (30.3) | 7690 (29.4) | 1695 (30.3) | 5995 (29.9) |
| ≥3 moderate/≥1 severe | 17 476 (18.9) | 1793 (24.9) | 15 683 (18.4) | 6683 (25.6) | 1384 (24.7) | 5299 (25.8) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range), mean±sd or n (%), unless otherwise stated. PCS: palliative care support; BMI: body mass index; GOLD: Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; MRC: Medical Research Council.