Cluster A | Cluster B | Cluster C | Cluster D | Cluster E | |
Subjects | 30 | 43 | 38 | 166 | 68 |
Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 % pred | 42.9±15.1 | 78.7±19.8 | 81.7±15.6 | 100.7±19.4 | 104.0±18.0 |
Pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC % | 41.6±11.3 | 62.1±11.9 | 60.6±8.2 | 73.4±8.8 | 75.3±5.7 |
Bronchodilator reversibility % FEV1 change | 26.0±16.1 | 12.6±11.8 | 21.0±10.6 | 5.5±7.7 | 5.2±4.8 |
PEF variability % of mean | 44.6±17.6 | 47.3±22.5 | 39.7±17.6 | 31.1±17.7 | 21.0±11.3 |
Post-bronchodilator KCO% pred | 63.8±20.7 | 95.5±17.4 | 91.8±19.7 | 95.0±17.4 | 106.8±14.8 |
FENO ppb | 31.8±44.4 | 16.7±9.9 | 82.4±42.4 | 23.6±15.7 | 34.4±34.3 |
Log FENO | 3.05±0.83 | 2.66±0.56 | 4.27±0.55 | 2.97±0.63 | 3.21±0.80 |
IgE IU·L−1 | 617±1643 | 146±183 | 466±686 | 136±297 | 277±590 |
Log IgE | 4.6±2.0 | 4.0±1.7 | 5.4±1.3 | 3.8±1.4 | 4.5±1.5 |
hsCRP mg·L−1 | 4.8±8.9 | 3.3±4.7 | 1.8±1.6 | 2.2±2.4 | 2.0±1.6 |
Log hsCRP | 0.66±1.25 | 0.61±1.0 | 0.18±0.92 | 0.32±0.97 | 0.38±0.84 |
Age at onset years | 43.9±18.4 | 14.0±13.6 | 24.6±14.3 | 46.7±11.4 | 12.5±9.8 |
BMI kg·m−2 | 23.4±4.0 | 27.2±4.7 | 24.4±3.7 | 28.0±6.2 | 28.9±5.9 |
SGRQ score | 41.8±18.7 | 44.6±20.6 | 23.4±19.3 | 25.7±17.7 | 16.2±11.4 |
Smoking pack-years | 47.5±36.4 | 16.3±19.3 | 3.6±8.0 | 9.5±16.3 | 6.2±13.7 |
Comparison# | |||||
Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 % pred | −− | −− | − | + | + |
Pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC % | −− | ± | − | ± | + |
Bronchodilator reversibility % FEV1 change | + + | + + | + + | −− | −− |
PEF variability % of mean | + + | + + | + | ± | −− |
Post-bronchodilator KCO % pred | −− | ± | ± | ± | + |
Log FENO | ± | − | + + | ± | ± |
Log IgE | ± | ± | + + | ± | ± |
Log hsCRP | + + | + + | −− | − | − |
Age of onset years | + + | −− | −− | + + | −− |
BMI kg·m−2 | − | ± | − | ± | ± |
SGRQ score | + + | + + | − | ± | −− |
Smoking pack-years | + + | + + | −− | −− | − − |
Data are presented as n or mean±sd. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; PEF: peak expiratory flow; KCO: transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide adjusted for lung volume, corrected for haemoglobin; FENO: exhaled nitric oxide fraction; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BMI: body mass index; SGRQ: St George's Respiratory Questionnaire; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cluster A: severe late-onset asthma/COPD overlap; Cluster B: early-onset asthma/COPD overlap; Cluster C: atopic asthma; Cluster D: adult-onset nonatopic; Cluster E: early-onset atopic mild/intermittent. #: compared with the overall mean value of all participants as reference (+ +: >20% above; +: 10–20% above; ±: within 10%; −: 10–20% below; −−: >20% below).