Prospective association between body mass index (BMI) and sarcoidosis incidence in women in the Nurses’ Health Study II [3]
| Person-years | Cases n | Age-adjusted HR (95% CI) | Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
| Current# BMI kg·m−2 | ||||
| <20 | 196 733 | 15 | 1.00 (0.58–1.74) | 1.02 (0.59–1.78) |
| 20–24.9 (ref.) | 1 042 052 | 82 | 1 | 1 |
| 25–29.9 | 618 960 | 80 | 1.65 (1.21–2.26) | 1.53 (1.12–2.10) |
| ≥30 | 526 901 | 85 | 2.02 (1.49–2.75) | 1.74 (1.26–2.40) |
| p-value | 0.001 | 0.001 | ||
| BMI at 18 years of age kg·m−2 | ||||
| <20 | 959 879 | 88 | 0.81 (0.62–1.06) | 0.82 (0.63–1.07) |
| 20–24.9 (ref.) | 1 226 325 | 139 | 1 | 1 |
| 25–29.9 | 188 343 | 29 | 1.38 (0.92–2.06) | 1.31 (0.87–1.95) |
| ≥30 | 58 877 | 11 | 1.67 (0.90–3.08) | 1.50 (0.80–2.79) |
| p-value | 0.002 | 0.009 | ||
| Weight change since 18 years of age¶ lb | ||||
| <−5 | 132 685 | 16 | 1.34 (0.68–2.66) | 1.36 (0.69–2.71) |
| −4.9–4.9 (ref) | 229 372 | 18 | 1 | 1 |
| 5–14.9 | 403 705 | 24 | 0.78 (0.42–1.44) | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) |
| 15–24.9 | 401 392 | 46 | 1.51 (0.87–2.61) | 1.43 (0.83–2.48) |
| 25–34.9 | 324 565 | 33 | 1.31 (0.73–2.33) | 1.20 (0.67–2.14) |
| 35–44.9 | 246 729 | 26 | 1.33 (0.72–2.43) | 1.19 (0.65–2.19) |
| 45–54.9 | 182 979 | 24 | 1.64 (0.88–3.04) | 1.44 (0.77–2.68) |
| ≥55 | 447 156 | 74 | 1.97 (1.16–3.33) | 1.63 (0.96–2.79) |
| p-value | 0.001 | 0.02 | ||
Multivariable models were adjusted for: age; race (white, black, other); smoking status (never-, ex- or current smoker) and pack-years (continuous); US region (West, Midwest, South, Northeast); household income (>$44 500 versus ≤$44 500, evaluated in 2001); husband's education (high school or less, college graduate, graduate degree, evaluated in 1999); physical activity (<3, 3–8.9, 9–17.9, 18–26.9, 27–41.9, ≥42 metabolic equivalents (METs) per week); and alcohol consumption (0, 0.01–5, 5.01–10, >10 g per day). HR: hazard ratio. #: at the questionnaire cycle before time of diagnosis. ¶: analyses further adjusted for BMI at 18 years of age. Observations with missing values for smoking status or region (<0.5%) were excluded from analyses (multivariable-adjusted models). For each other covariate with >0.5% missing values, including current BMI (3.0%), BMI at 18 years of age (0.9%) or weight change since 18 years of age (3.6%), a “missing” category was included in the model.