Baseline characteristics of 1585 PiZZ subjects and 5999 controls stratified by smoking habits
| All | Ever-smokers | Never-smokers | ||||
| PiZZ | Controls | PiZZ | Controls | PiZZ | Controls | |
| Subjects n | 1585 | 5999 | 854 | 2820 | 731 | 3179 |
| Males n (%) | 777 (49) | 3024 (50) | 425 (50) | 1401 (50) | 352 (48) | 1623 (51) |
| Mean±sd age at inclusion years | 47±17# | 45±4 | 49±13# | 47±13 | 45±20# | 43±15 |
| Respiratory symptoms/diseases n (%) | 980 (62)# | 1858 (31) | 655 (77)# | 978 (35) | 325 (45)# | 880 (28) |
| Median (range) follow-up time years | 12 (0.1–23) | 17 (0.2–23)¶ | 11 (0.1–23) | 17 (0.2–23)¶ | 12 (0.1–23) | 17 (0.1–23)¶ |
| Deaths n (%) | 473 (30)# | 747 (12) | 301 (35)# | 445 (16) | 172 (24)# | 302 (9) |
#: p<0.001 PiZZ versus controls, ¶: p<0.001 controls versus PiZZ.