Excess costs (COPD versus non-COPD) | ||||
Overall | Hospitalisations | Outpatient visits | Medications | |
All-cause medical costs | 5196/3668 (3540–8529) | 2381/1681 (1130–4277) | 897/633 (677–1326) | 1291/911 (957–1751) |
COPD-attributable costs | 1343/948 (642–1878) | 661/467 (193–1342) | 98/69 (43–249) | 467/330 (254–731) |
Comorbidity-attributable costs# | 2673/1887 (1822–4523) | 1290/911 (662–2857) | 456/322 (344–717) | 689/486 (406–1054) |
Nonattributable costs¶ | 1188/839 (669–2374) | 450/318 (190–1008) | 342/241 (240–505) | 135/95 (73–235) |
Data are presented as 2015 CAD/EUR per person-year (95% CI CAD); CAD1.000=EUR 0.706. #: the major comorbidity categories were defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 major disease categories and related symptoms [25]; ¶: includes community care costs, costs of general symptoms, signs and findings, injury, poisoning, burning and external causes, factors influencing health status, other special purposes, the American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) miscellaneous drug group, no ICD code, and no AHFS code.