TABLE 4

Comparison of associations of childhood atopy and atopic asthma with maternal free sugar intake during pregnancy versus paternal intake after pregnancy

	Free sugar intake						p-trend
	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	Per quintile	p-trend
Atopy n=3063
Maternal free sugar intake during pregnancy
Adjusted OR^# (95% CI)	1.00	1.04 (0.78–1.38)	1.16 (0.87–1.55)	1.33 (0.98–1.82)	1.64 (1.14–2.37)	1.13 (1.04–1.23)	0.004
Adjusted OR^¶ (95% CI)	1.00	1.02 (0.77–1.36)	1.15 (0.86–1.53)	1.31 (0.96–1.79)	1.61 (1.11–2.33)	1.13 (1.04–1.22)	0.005
Paternal free sugar intake after pregnancy
Adjusted OR^# (95% CI)	1.00	1.12 (0.84–1.50)	1.28 (0.95–1.73)	1.36 (0.99–1.86)	1.16 (0.81–1.68)	1.05 (0.97–1.14)	0.22
Adjusted OR^¶ (95% CI)	1.00	1.10 (0.82–1.47)	1.25 (0.93–1.69)	1.30 (0.95–1.78)	1.10 (0.76–1.59)	1.04 (0.96–1.13)	0.34
Atopic asthma n=2830
Maternal free sugar intake during pregnancy
Adjusted OR^# (95% CI)	1.00	2.11 (1.26–3.52)	1.18 (0.66–2.11)	2.82 (1.60–4.96)	2.01 (1.01–4.00)	1.17 (1.02–1.36)	0.03
Adjusted OR^¶ (95% CI)	1.00	2.13 (1.27–3.57)	1.17 (0.65–2.11)	2.80 (1.58–4.94)	1.96 (0.98–3.93)	1.17 (1.01–1.35)	0.04
Paternal free sugar intake after pregnancy
Adjusted OR^# (95% CI)	1.00	0.99 (0.60–1.62)	1.26 (0.75–2.11)	1.47 (0.87–2.48)	0.92 (0.48–1.77)	1.04 (0.90–1.21)	0.55
Adjusted OR^¶ (95% CI)	1.00	0.96 (0.59–1.59)	1.23 (0.73–2.06)	1.39 (0.82–2.35)	0.87 (0.45–1.69)	1.03 (0.89–1.19)	0.72

^#: controlling only for previously mentioned potential confounders; ^¶: mutually adjusting for maternal free sugar intake during pregnancy and paternal free sugar intake after pregnancy, in addition to previously mentioned potential confounders