Subjects | Diameter mm | PA:A | ||
A | PA | |||
Sex | ||||
Male | 1070 | 38.1±3.9 | 26.4±3.8 | 0.70±0.1 |
Female | 1127 | 35.8±3.5 | 25.6±3.6 | 0.72±0.1 |
Obesity | ||||
Yes | 562 | 37.6±4.0 | 27.3±3.8 | 0.73±0.1 |
No | 1635 | 36.7±3.8 | 25.6±3.6 | 0.70±0.1 |
Smoking | ||||
Current | 381 | 37.1±4.0 | 26.0±3.9 | 0.71±0.1 |
Former | 1124 | 37.2±3.8 | 26.1±3.6 | 0.71±0.1 |
Never | 644 | 36.4±3.9 | 25.8±3.7 | 0.71±0.1 |
COPD | ||||
Prevalent# | 222 | 37.5±3.7 | 26.7±4.1 | 0.72±0.1 |
Mild | 98 | 37.7±3.8 | 26.1±4.2 | 0.70±0.1 |
Moderate-to-severe | 107 | 37.5±3.6 | 27.3±4.1 | 0.73±0.1 |
Absent | 1975 | 36.9±3.9 | 26.0±3.6 | 0.71±0.1 |
Hypertension | ||||
Present | 1624 | 37.2±3.9 | 26.2±3.7 | 0.71±0.1 |
Absent | 566 | 36.1±3.7 | 25.5±3.6 | 0.71±0.1 |
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
Present | 277 | 36.7±3.9 | 26.7±3.7 | 0.73±0.1 |
Absent | 1786 | 37.0±3.9 | 25.9±3.7 | 0.71±0.1 |
Heart failure | ||||
Present | 69 | 38.1±4.7 | 28.9±4.9 | 0.77±0.1 |
Absent | 2128 | 36.9±3.8 | 25.9±3.6 | 0.71±0.1 |
Data are presented as n or mean±sd. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. #: the total number of COPD cases in the subgroups do not add up to the total number of COPD cases, since COPD diagnosis in 15 out of 222 subjects was confirmed after reviewing medical charts and specialist letters, but severity could not be determined.