Rate ratio of breathlessness comparing women to men, crude and adjusted for the absolute forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), in a cross-sectional study of 1000 randomly selected women and 1000 randomly selected men
| Subjects | Breathless subjects | Rate of breathlessness | Crude rate ratio | Adjusted# rate ratio | |
| All subjects (crude) | |||||
| Women | 1000 | 300 | 30% | 2.0 | |
| Men | 1000 | 150 | 15% | 1.0 (ref.) | |
| Low absolute FEV1 | |||||
| Women | 800 | 280 | 35% | 1.0 | |
| Men | 200 | 70 | 35% | 1.0 (ref.) | |
| High absolute FEV1 | |||||
| Women | 200 | 20 | 10% | 1.0 | |
| Men | 800 | 80 | 10% | 1.0 (ref.) | |
| All subjects (adjusted) | |||||
| Women | 1000 | 1.0 | |||
| Men | 1000 | 1.0 (ref.) |
#: for absolute FEV1 (low and high).