Risk factors according to extent of lung resection
| Source [ref.] | Patients n | Mortality | Risk factors |
| STS GTSD [33] | 1267 pneumonectomies | 5.6% | Age >65 years, congestive heart failure, FEV1 <60%, underlying benign lung disease and extended pneumonectomy |
| French National Database for Thoracic Surgery (EPITHOR) [34] | 4498 pneumonectomies | 7.8% | Age >65 years, ASA score ≥3, underweight and right-sided and extended pneumonectomies |
| STS GTSD [35] | 18 800 lung cancer resections | 2.2% | Pneumonectomy, bilobectomy, ASA score, functional status, renal dysfunction, induction chemoradiation, steroids, age, urgent procedures, male sex, FEV1 and body mass index |
| American National Cancer Database [36] | 120 000 patients | Overall 30-day mortality 3.4% for NSCLC resections; 8.5% for pneumonectomies; 4% for extended lobectomies and bilobectomies; 2.6% for lobectomies; 4.2% for wedge resections |
STS: Society for Thoracic Surgeons; GTSD: General Thoracic Surgery Database; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists’ classification of physical health; NSCLC: nonsmall cell lung cancer.