Characteristics of the complete case weighted study population and asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subpopulation
| Total population | Asthma/COPD population | |
| Subjects n | 5675 | 846 |
| Age years | 56±6 | 56±6 |
| Male | 44 | 36 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 26±4 | 27±5 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.89±0.08 | 0.89±0.09 |
| Physical activity MET·week–1 | 30 (16–50) | 31 (16–47) |
| Smoking | ||
| Never | 38 | 33 |
| Ex | 46 | 50 |
| Current | 16 | 17 |
| Lung disease | ||
| COPD, registry | 2.5 | 21.5 |
| COPD, questionnaire | 4.2 | 35.6 |
| Asthma, registry | 8.0 | 66.9 |
| Asthma, questionnaire | 4.4 | 37.4 |
| FEV1/FVC <0.7 | 14.8 | 32.5 |
| Lung medication use | ||
| Any bronchodilator | 5.3 | 40.2 |
| SABA | 2.1 | 15.3 |
| LABA | 0.4 | 3.1 |
| SAMA | 0.1 | 0.9 |
| LAMA | 0.9 | 6.7 |
| ICS | 1.8 | 13.7 |
| LABA+ICS | 3.8 | 29.4 |
| LABA+LAMA+ICS | 0.6 | 4.8 |
| Theophylline | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Mucolytics | 0.4 | 1.3 |
| OCS | 0.4 | 1.8 |
| Comorbidity | ||
| Cardiovascular disease# | 6.0 | 7.0 |
| Diabetes mellitus¶ | 3.5 | 4.7 |
| Depression+ | 13.9 | 21.1 |
| Severe depression | 3.4 | 5.4 |
Data are presented as weighted mean±sd or median (interquartile range) for continuous outcomes and weighted proportion (%) for categorical outcomes, unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; MET: metabolic equivalent of tasks; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; SABA: short-acting β-agonist; LABA: long-acting β-agonist; SAMA: short-acting muscarinic antagonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; OCS: oral corticosteroid. #: myocardial infarction, angina, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease; ¶: defined as self-reported diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 or medication use; +: defined as an Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology score ≥18 (severe depression as a score ≥29).