Measurements of local and systemic inflammation on two subgroups of smokers, with and without regional air trapping, data on COPD current smokers are also presented
| Smokers with regional air trapping on expiratory scans | COPD current smokers | ||
| Yes | No | ||
| Subjects n | 25 | 15 | 28 |
| Male/female % | 44/56 | 60/40 | 54/46 |
| BAL recovery % | 62.0±9.0 | 53±10# | 45±12+++ |
| Total cell yield ×106 | 89.2±48 | 66.6±27# | 53.5±34++ |
| BAL cell concentration 106·L−1 | 578±303 | 519±164 | 493±255 |
| BAL macrophages 106·L−1 | 557±291 | 500±157 | 471±250 |
| BAL lymphocytes 106·L−1 | 14.0±11 | 14.3±13 | 13.1±9.0 |
| BAL neutrophils 106·L−1 | 5.3±6.2 | 3.5±3.1 | 4.7±4.1 |
| BAL eosinophils 106·L−1 | 1.5±3.5 | 1.4±2.4 | 3.5±9.7 |
| Percentage of CD4+ T-lymphocytes | 54±17 | 44±18 | 50.0±22 |
| Percentage of CD8+ T-lymphocytes | 37±16 | 48±18 | 43±23 |
| Ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ | 2.2±2.5 | 1.5±2.1 | 2.1±2.3 |
| White blood cell counts 109·L−1 | 7.4±1.6 | 7.5±1.6 | 8.0±1.9 |
| Serum high sensitive-CRP g·L−1 | 2.1±2.1 | 1.6±1.0 | 3.1±3.0 |
| Serum orosomucoid g·L−1 | 0.83±0.20 | 0.71±0.12 | 3.8±4.0 |
| Serum haptoglobin g·L−1 | 1.3±0.53 | 1.0±0.40 | 1.5±0.45§§ |
| Serum IgG g·L−1 | 8.7±1.7 | 9.9±1.9# | 9.4±1.7 |
| Serum IgA g·L−1 | 2.1±0.89 | 2.3±0.80 | 2.4±0.83 |
Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; CRP: C-reactive protein. #: p≤0.05 for comparison between smokers with regional air trapping and smokers without; ++: p≤0.01 and +++: p≤0.001 for comparison between COPD and smokers with regional air trapping; and §§: p≤0.01 for comparison between COPD and smokers without regional air trapping.