Subgroups of central apnoea and hypoventilation disorders according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edition) [3]
| CSA with Cheyne–Stokes breathing |
| Central apnoea due to a medical disorder without Cheyne–Stokes breathing |
| CSA due to high-altitude periodic breathing |
| CSA due to a medication or substance |
| Primary CSA |
| Primary CSA of infancy |
| Primary CSA of prematurity |
| Treatment-emergent CSA |
| Obesity hypoventilation syndrome |
| Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome |
| Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction |
| Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation |
| Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medication or substance |
| Sleep-related hypoventilation due to a medical disorder |
| Sleep-related hypoxaemia |
CSA: central sleep apnoea.