Associations between ambient air pollution (pan-European Land Use Regression modelled particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) and asthma prevalence: pooled individual-level analyses from three cohorts
| PM10 per 10 µg·m−3 | NO2 per 10 µg·m−3 | |||||||
| Ever-had asthma | Current asthma | Ever-had asthma | Current asthma | |||||
| Subjects | OR (95% CI) | Subjects | OR (95% CI) | Subjects | OR (95% CI) | Subjects | OR (95% CI) | |
| Model 1 | 604 414 | 1.145 (1.112–1.179) | 597 201 | 1.063 (1.012–1.115) | 605 852 | 1.025 (1.017–1.033) | 598 627 | 0.991 (0.978–1.004) |
| Model 2 | 604 414 | 1.118 (1.085–1.151) | 597 201 | 1.050 (1.000–1.102) | 605 852 | 1.019 (1.011–1.027) | 598 627 | 0.988 (0.975–1.001) |
| Model 3 | 566 175 | 1.128 (1.095–1.163) | 559 245 | 1.064 (1.012–1.119) | 567 485 | 1.019 (1.011–1.028) | 560 543 | 0.988 (0.975–1.002) |
| Model 3 + day-time noise# | 562 706 | 1.131 (1.097–1.166) | 555 776 | 1.067 (1.015–1.123) | 564 014 | 1.020 (1.011–1.028) | 557 072 | 0.988 (0.974–1.002) |
Data are presented as n, unless otherwise stated. OR: odds ratio. Model 1: adjusted for study; Model 2: adjusted for study, sex, age; Model 3: further adjusted for education, employment status, smoking status and body mass index. #: day-time (07:00–19:00 h) continuous noise level in dB(A).