TABLE 5

Characteristics of the ultrastructural defects described in nine studies directly addressing the PICO question using transmission electron microscopy to diagnose primary ciliary dyskinesia

	Papon [54]	Stannard [48]	Olin [58]	Shoemark [56]	Boon [59]	Jackson [26]	Total
Subjects n	190	68	155	214	138	57
Isolated outer dynein arm defect	33	26	54	41	59	46	44
Inner and outer dynein arm defect	32	34	23	24	6	39	25
Inner dynein arm with microtubular disorganisation	13	6	7	9	16	9	10
Isolated inner dynein arm defect	4	21	15	13	0	0	9
Central pair defect	19	13	1	12	14	7	8
Other^#		3			5		1
Total n	190	68	155	214	138	57

Data are presented as percentage, unless otherwise stated. ^#: include ciliary aplasia, disorientation and extra microtubules.