TABLE 4

Age- and gender-adjusted observed/expected ratios for the underlying cause of death (UCD) when sarcoidosis was a nonunderlying cause of death (NUCD) in males^#

	45–64 years		65–84 years		≥85 years
	Observed/expected ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Observed/expected ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Observed/expected ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Infectious disease	3.18 (1.51–6.66)	0.002^¶	1.63 (0.9–2.95)	0.104	3.18 (1.51–6.66)	0.002
Tuberculosis	24.64 (6.15–98.8)	<0.001^¶	9.46 (3.05–29.36)	<0.001^¶	24.64 (6.15–98.8)	<0.001^¶
Pneumonia	3.23 (0.81–12.91)	0.098	0.62 (0.16–2.49)	0.503	3.23 (0.81–12.91)	0.098
Other	2 (0.64–6.19)	0.232	1.87 (0.84–4.16)	0.126	2 (0.64–6.19)	0.232
Chronic respiratory disease	6.19 (2.58–14.89)	<0.001^¶	2.24 (1.2–4.16)	0.011^¶	6.19 (2.58–14.89)	<0.001^¶
Cardiovascular disease	1.86 (1.28–2.71)	0.001^¶	0.99 (0.76–1.31)	0.968	1.86 (1.28–2.71)	0.001^¶
Cerebrovascular disease	1.66 (0.62–4.41)	0.313	0.62 (0.3–1.3)	0.207	1.66 (0.62–4.41)	0.313
Ischaemic heart disease	0.99 (0.44–2.2)	0.977	1.04 (0.65–1.65)	0.87	0.99 (0.44–2.2)	0.977
Other	2.82 (1.75–4.53)	<0.001^¶	1.14 (0.78–1.66)	0.497	2.82 (1.75–4.53)	<0.001^¶
Neoplasm	0.47 (0.3–0.74)	0.001^¶	0.85 (0.66–1.09)	0.198	0.47 (0.3–0.74)	0.001^¶
Haematologic malignancy	1.58 (0.51–4.9)	0.428	1.02 (0.46–2.26)	0.97	1.58 (0.51–4.9)	0.428
Lung cancer	0.29 (0.11–0.77)	0.013^¶	1.08 (0.69–1.69)	0.752	0.29 (0.11–0.77)	0.013^¶
Other	0.49 (0.28–0.87)	0.015^¶	0.75 (0.55–1.03)	0.079	0.49 (0.28–0.87)	0.015^¶
Renal disease	0	1	1.66 (0.62–4.43)	0.309	0	1

^#: for each death certificate that listed sarcoidosis as a NUCD during the period 2002–2011, the UCDs were investigated and the observed/expected ratio was calculated; ^¶: statistically significant at p<0.05.