Unadjusted and multivariable associations of nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles with bronchiolitis outcomes, MARC-35 cohort
| Outcome by microbiota profile | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model# | ||
| OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Intensive care use¶ | ||||
| Haemophilus-dominant profile | 1.81 (1.07–3.11) | 0.03 | 1.98 (1.08–3.62) | 0.03 |
| Moraxella-dominant profile | Reference | Reference | ||
| Streptococcus-dominant profile | 1.46 (0.88–2.45) | 0.14 | 1.32 (0.74–2.34) | 0.34 |
| Mixed profile | 1.28 (0.78–2.16) | 0.34 | 1.19 (0.68–2.09) | 0.54 |
| Hospital length of stay ≥3 days | ||||
| Haemophilus-dominant profile | 2.12 (1.43–3.17) | <0.001 | 2.47 (1.60–3.83) | <0.001 |
| Moraxella-dominant profile | Reference | Reference | ||
| Streptococcus-dominant profile | 1.30 (0.90–1.88) | 0.16 | 1.06 (0.71–1.57) | 0.78 |
| Mixed profile | 1.14 (0.80–1.65) | 0.47 | 1.01 (0.68–1.48) | 0.97 |
Bold results are statistically significant. Full adjusted models are included in supplementary table E3. #: Mixed-effects logistic regression model adjusting for 11 patient-level variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity, gestational age, history of breathing problems, nursey attendance, siblings at home, lifetime history of antibiotic use, history of corticosteroid use, use of antibiotics during the pre-hospitalisation visit and respiratory viruses detected by PCR) and sites as random effect. ¶: Defined as admission to the intensive care unit and/or use of mechanical ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure and/or intubation during inpatient stay, regardless of location) at any time during the index hospitalisation.