Baseline, 12-month and treatment effect for all inflammatory biomarkers
| Control# | Usual care¶ | Surgery+ | CPAP§ | |||||
| Baseline | 1 year | Baseline | 1 year | Baseline | 1 year | Baseline | 1 year | |
| Lavage | ||||||||
| Leukocytes ×104 cells·mL−1 | 12.0 (8.0–24.2) | 11.1 (8.3–22.1) | 13.3 (8.1–24.5) | 12.4 (8.2–23.7) | 14.1 (8.9–27.4) | 12.1 (8.2–21.3) | 15.9 (9.9–32.1) | 12.4 (8.1–27.2)* |
| Lymphocytes % leukocytes | 0.6 (0–1.3) | 0.6 (0–1.20) | 1.1 (0.8–2.7) | 1.2 (0.9–3.0) | 1.5 (0.8–3.1) | 1.1 (0.7–2.3)* | 1.9 (1.0–3.9) | 1.1 (0.8–3.0)** |
| T-cells % lymphocytes | 91 (88–96) | 92 (89–96) | 93 (91–95) | 94 (90–95) | 94 (92–97) | 92 (91–95)* | 96 (93–98) | 92 (90–95)** |
| CD4+ % T-cells | 54 (47–56) | 53 (46–56) | 55 (50–62) | 56 (49–60) | 59 (55–64) | 54 (50–61) | 60 (55–67) | 56 (51–62)* |
| CD8+ % T-cells | 31 (24–35) | 32 (25–37) | 33 (27–38) | 34 (29–39) | 31 (25–36) | 34 (30–38) | 30 (22–39) | 33 (25–38) |
| B-cells % lymphocytes | 3 (1–4) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 3 (1–5) |
| NK cells % lymphocytes | 4 (2–6) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 4 (2–6) | 2 (2–5) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (0–5) | 3 (1–5) |
| IL-6 pg·mL−1 | 2.4 (1.2–4.3) | 2.1 (1.1–4.1) | 2.2 (1.3–4.7) | 2.4 (1.1–4.3) | 3.1 (1.3–4.2) | 2.6 (0.7–3.2) | 3.9 (2.8–6.9) | 2.4 (1.4–3.9)* |
| IL-8 pg·mL−1 | 2.5 (1.7–4.3) | 2.6 (1.9–3.9) | 2.3 (1.4–4.2) | 2.5 (1.1–4.9) | 3.9 (1.9–4.1) | 2.6 (1.2–3.7)* | 5.9 (2.8–7.9) | 3.9 (2.0–5.2)** |
| TNF-α pg·mL−1 | 1.4 (0.9–2.3) | 1.6 (0.9–2.3) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 1.5 (0.9–2.6) | 1.9 (1.3–3.7) | 1.7 (1.0–2.6) | 2.8 (1.9–4.8) | 2.2 (1.5–3.9) |
| Plasma | ||||||||
| Lymphocytes % leukocytes | 29.4±9.4 | 29.9±9.9 | 29.8±8.9 | 30.2±9.1 | 29.1±8.1 | 28.3±8.8 | 30.1±8.3 | 29.1±7.8 |
| T-cells % lymphocytes | 78.7±18.1 | 77.3±19.2 | 75.7±21.5 | 76.2±20.6 | 77.8±19.9 | 75.6±18.7 | 77.4±22.9 | 75.8±18.9 |
| CD4+ % T-cells | 60.7±22.4 | 61.5±21.9 | 61.1±21.4 | 61.9±22.1 | 61.9±21.3 | 61.8±22.0 | 62.9±18.9 | 60.8±20.8 |
| CD8+ % T-cells | 34.4±13.2 | 34.5±12.9 | 34.1±16.3 | 33.9±18.7 | 32.1±14.4 | 33.0±15.2 | 32.8±15.2 | 33.3±13.2 |
| B-cells % lymphocytes | 8.7±3.2 | 8.8±2.9 | 10.2±5.1 | 9.8±3.8 | 12.1±3.5 | 11.3±4.1 | 12.9±5.2 | 13.8±6.7 |
| CRP mg·dL−1 | 0.17 (0.12–0.28) | 0.18 (0.11–0.25) | 0.15 (0.09–0.31) | 0.13 (0.07–0.25) | 0.23 (0.11–0.53) | 0.18 (0.12–0.35) | 0.20 (0.11–0.54) | 0.21 (0.12–0.24) |
| IL-6 pg·mL−1 | 7.02 (6.72–7.46) | 6.67 (5.23–6.76) | 6.33 (6.79–8.05) | 6.18 (5.38–8.48) | 7.35 (6.99–8.34) | 6.79 (5.07–6.54) | 6.87 (6.74–7.25) | 5.92 (5.13–6.11) |
| IL-8 pg·mL−1 | 21.1 (19.7–21.9) | 23.4 (22.8–24.0) | 21.9 (20.8–23.1) | 23.1 (20.9–24.3) | 21.6 (19.4–23.3) | 18.9 (18.1–23.4) | 22.9 (21.9–24.1) | 24.5 (23.0–25.1) |
| TNF-α pg·mL−1 | 4.36 (4.01–4.82) | 4.36 (3.95–4.76) | 4.38 (4.02–5.20) | 4.50 (4.17–4.67) | 4.64 (4.05–5.09) | 4.32 (4.28–4.49) | 4.91 (4.26–5.32) | 4.37 (4.19–4.62) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean±sd. #: n=24. ¶: n=49. +: n=28. §: n=37. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01, for comparison with baseline. CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; NK: natural killer; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-α; CRP: C-reactive protein.