Significant univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for the prediction of 30-day mortality
| Univariate# | Multivariate¶ | |||
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Year of occurrence of pneumonia <2007 | 0.86 (0.47–1.56) | 0.62 | 0.51 (0.21–1.26) | 0.14 |
| Age ≥65 years | 2.95 (1.53–5.69) | 0.001 | ||
| Chronic heart disease | 1.95 (0.99–3.84) | 0.052 | ||
| Chronic renal disease | 2.70 (1.20–6.04) | 0.016 | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 3.35 (1.64–6.87) | 0.001 | ||
| Neurological disease | 2.63 (1.37–5.03) | 0.004 | 2.76 (1.04–7.31) | 0.041 |
| Cough | 0.32 (0.17–0.60) | <0.001 | ||
| Expectoration | 0.36 (0.20–0.63) | <0.001 | ||
| Dyspnoea | 3.44 (1.45–8.15) | 0.005 | 6.50 (1.38–30.65) | 0.018 |
| Pleuritic pain | 0.38 (0.21–0.69) | 0.001 | 0.33 (0.14–0.80) | 0.015 |
| Fever | 0.24 (0.13–0.43) | <0.001 | 0.27 (0.11–0.66) | 0.004 |
| Confusion | 5.03 (2.86–8.85) | <0.001 | 3.33 (1.43–7.73) | 0.005 |
| Creatinine ≥1.5 mg·dL−1 | 5.11 (2.87–9.09) | <0.001 | ||
| WBC ≥10×109 L−1 | 0.41 (0.23–0.73) | 0.002 | ||
| PaO2/FIO2 <250 mmHg | 5.02 (2.72–9.28) | <0.001 | ||
| SaO2 <92% | 2.43 (1.26–4.67) | 0.008 | ||
| CURB-65 risk class 3–5 | 7.45 (4.11–13.50) | <0.001 | ||
| PSI risk class IV–V | 9.31 (3.67–23.61) | <0.001 | ||
| Multilobar involvement | 3.03 (1.74–5.29) | <0.001 | ||
| Respiratory distress | 8.37 (3.93–17.84) | <0.001 | ||
| Acute renal failure | 7.57 (4.04–14.20) | <0.001 | 3.47 (1.45–8.29) | 0.005 |
| Septic shock | 10.86 (6.02–19.61) | <0.001 | 4.44 (1.77–11.17) | 0.002 |
| Site of care+ | <0.001 | |||
| Outpatient | ||||
| Ward | 1 | |||
| ICU | 5.17 (2.92–9.16) | <0.001 | ||
| Mechanical ventilation§ | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1 | |||
| NIMV | 7.55 (2.34–24.39) | 0.001 | ||
| IMV | 21.41 (10.94–41.90) | <0.001 | ||
| LOS >8 days | 2.85 (1.58–5.11) | <0.001 | ||
| Quinolone | 0.11 (0.02–0.81) | 0.030 | ||
| Quinolone+β-lactam | 1.98 (1.09–3.58) | 0.024 | ||
| Bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia | 1.54 (0.89–2.68) | 0.12 | 1.29 (0.55–3.05) | 0.56 |
WBC: white blood cell; PaO2: arterial oxygen tension; FIO2: inspiratory oxygen fraction; SaO2: arterial oxygen saturation; CURB-65: severity score based on consciousness, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure and age ≥65 years; PSI: pneumonia severity index; ICU: intensive care unit; NIMV: noninvasive mechanical ventilation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LOS: length of hospital stay. #: variables analysed in the univariate analysis were year of occurrence of pneumonia (<2007 versus ≥2007), age (<65 versus ≥65 years), gender, systemic and inhaled corticosteroids, influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, prior antibiotic treatment, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease, chronic liver disease, diabetes mellitus, neurological disease, pneumonia in the past year, nursing home resident, cough, expectoration, dyspnoea, pleuritic pain, fever, confusion, creatinine (<1.5 versus ≥1.5 mg·dL−1), C-reactive protein (<20 versus≥20 mg·dL−1), WBC count (<10×109 versus ≥10×109 L−1), SaO2 (<92% versus ≥92%), PaO2/FIO2 (<250 versus≥250 mmHg), CURB-65 risk class (0–2 versus 3–5), PSI risk class (I–III versus IV–V), pleural effusion, multilobar involvement, respiratory distress, septic shock, acute renal failure, site of care, mechanical ventilation, LOS (≤8 versus >8 days), antibiotic treatment, and bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia. ¶: Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, p=0.40; +: p-value corresponds to differences between the three groups (outpatient, ward or ICU); §: p-value corresponds to differences between the three groups (no mechanical ventilation, NIMV or IMV).