Biomarkers of oxidative stress in α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and in control individuals
| Variable | Control (MM) | AATD patients | p-value | ||
| Low risk (MS; SS) | Intermediate risk (MZ; SZ) | High risk (ZZ) | |||
| Subjects | 18 | 20 | 34 | 8 | |
| Oxidative stress markers | |||||
| 8-OHdG ng·mL−1 | 0.63 (0.49–0.87) | 0.71 (0.55–0.97) | 1.07 (0.56–2.37) | 1.77 (0.80–2.58) | <0.001 |
| MDA pmol·mg−1 | 0.91 (0.56–1.35) | 1.17 (0.23–3.10) | 1.58 (0.50–4.23) | 2.59 (0.92–6.17) | <0.001 |
| PC nmol·mg−1 | 0.16 (0.09–0.24) | 0.18 (0.12–0.26) | 0.20 (0.12–0.23) | 0.23 (0.19–0.27) | 0.01 |
| H2O2 fluorescence units | 229 (74–425) | 246 (68–544) | 327 (203–547) | 518 (369–601) | <0.001 |
| Antioxidant capacity | |||||
| SOD activity | 5.30 (3.49–7.39) | 5.61 (3.83–8.95) | 6.30 (3.82–8.95) | 5.24 (3.78–6.18) | 0.08 |
| CAT activity | 37.39 (24.43–51.73) | 37.32 (21.42–57.93) | 27.52 (10.73–44.21) | 18.33 (13.17–24.80) | <0.001 |
| GPx activity | 21.36 (13.96–29.56) | 22.62 (18.21–29.14) | 24.75 (17.45–38.71) | 33.15 (28.53–39.40) | <0.001 |
| GR activity | 3.90 (2.74–4.96) | 3.85 (2.42–6.75) | 4.35 (2.29–7.13) | 3.98 (2.55–4.97) | 0.60 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. Bold indicates statistical significance (p<0.05) after application of the Kruskal–Wallis test. 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; MDA: malonyldialdehyde; PC: protein carbonyls; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase.