Demographics and clinical characteristics in α1-antitrypsin deficiency patients and controls
| Variable | Control | Low risk | Intermediate | High risk | p-value |
| Subjects | 18 | 20 | 34 | 8 | |
| Age years | 11 (3–16) | 11 (4–14) | 10 (2–18) | 13 (6–16) | 0.25 |
| Male/female | 11 (61%)/7 (39%) | 11 (55%)/9 (45%) | 21 (62%)/13 (38%) | 6 (75%)/2 (25%) | 0.97 |
| AAT mg·dL−1# | 140 (118–212) | 117 (87–167) | 83 (52–139) | 23 (19–36) | <0.0001 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 20 (14–22) | 19 (13–27) | 19 (14–26) | 23 (16–25) | 0.52 |
| FEV1 % pred¶ | 96 (88–113) | 92 (71–115) | 106 (86–145) | 101 (86–121) | 0.60 |
| FVC % pred¶ | 100 (90–108) | 96 (73–156) | 101 (79–144) | 105 (80–117) | 0.94 |
| FEV1/FVC % pred+ | 92 (78–114) | 88 (84–116) | 94 (84–116) | 84.0 (79–109) | 0.29 |
| FEF25–75 % pred§ | 82 (65–111) | 82 (65–128) | 103 (70–141) | 79 (66–110) | 0.07 |
| DLCO % pred¶ | 103 (95–104) | 119 (99–130) | 102 (101–103) | 0.70 | |
| AST U·L−1ƒ | 28 (21–37) | 26 (19–38) | 28 (19–45) | 26 (18–42) | 0.60 |
| ALT U·L−1ƒ | 20 (10–40) | 18 (11–28) | 20 (14–41) | 24 (15–34) | 0.09 |
| GGT U·L−1## | 15 (12–18) | 16 (10–24) | 15 (11–24) | 18 (16–23) | 0.03 |
Data are presented as median (range), unless otherwise stated. Bold indicates statistical significance (p<0.05) after application of the Kruskal–Wallis test. Comparison of proportions was performed using the Chi-squared test. AAT: α1-antitrypsin; BMI: body mass index; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEF25–75: forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyl-transferase. #: normal range 90–200 mg·dL−1; ¶: normal ≥80% predicted; +: normal >80% predicted; §: normal ≥65% predicted; ƒ: normal range 1–37 U·L−1; ##: normal range 1–55 U·L−1.