Associations between obesity measures and respiratory outcomes using a generalised estimating equation model
| Active asthma | Lifetime wheeze | |
| BMI percentiles | ||
| <25% | 1 | 1 |
| 25%–<85% | 1.33 (0.98–1.81) | 1.19 (0.99–1.42) |
| ≥85% | 1.88 (1.24–2.85) | 1.60 (1.25–2.05) |
| p-value for trend | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| Body fat percentage (skinfold) | ||
| <25% | 1 | 1 |
| 25–<85% | 0.95 (0.69–1.30) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) |
| ≥85% | 1.70 (1.16–2.51) | 1.44 (1.12–1.85) |
| p-value for trend | 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||
| <25% | 1 | 1 |
| 25–<85% | 1.70 (1.24–2.33) | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) |
| ≥85% | 2.07 (1.36–3.15) | 1.50 (1.18–1.90) |
| p-value for trend | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Data are presented as OR (95% CI), unless otherwise stated. All models were adjusted for age, sex, parental education level, household income, in utero smoke exposure, breastfeeding and family history of atopy. p-values for trend were calculated using a generalised estimating equation model. BMI: body mass index.