Study participant characteristics
| Subjects n | 18 |
| Age years | 46±12 |
| Male/female n/n | 6/12 |
| Duration of asthma years | 31±15 |
| Body mass index kg·m−2 | 29±5 |
| FEV1 L | 2.2±0.8 |
| FEV1 % pred | 68±24 |
| FVC L | 3.5±1.0 |
| FVC % pred | 83±19 |
| FEV1/FVC % | 65±15 |
| PC20 mg·mL−1 | 1.4±2.8# |
| Lung clearance index | 10.5±3.0 |
| Ventilation defect percent | 12±11 |
Data are presented as mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; PC20: methacholine concentration causing a 20% decrease in FEV1. #: n=5.