First author [ref.] | Year of publication | Treatment | Maximum daily dose mg | Treatment duration weeks | Design | Outcomes measured | |||
ESS | MWT or MLST and length | FOSQ | CGI-C | ||||||
Kingshott [13] | 2001 | Modafinil | 400 | 2 | Crossover | Y | MWT 20 min MSLT 20 min | ∼ | N |
Pack [4], Dinges [5] | 2001/2003 | Modafinil | 400 | 4 | Parallel | Y | MSLT 20 min | Y | Y |
Black [3] | 2005 | Modafinil | 200/400 | 12 | Parallel | Y | MWT 20 min | Y | Y |
Bittencourt [14] | 2008 | Modafinil | 300 | 3 | Parallel | Y | MWT 40 min | N | Y |
Herring [15] | 2013 | Modafinil | 200 | 2 | Crossover | Y | MWT 30 min | N | N |
Inoue [16] | 2013 | Modafinil | 200 | 4 | Parallel | Y | MWT 20 min | N | N |
Roth [17] | 2006 | Armodafinil | 150/250 | 12 | Parallel | Y | MWT 30 min | N | Y |
Hirshkowitz [18] | 2007 | Armodafinil | 150 | 12 | Parallel | Y | MWT 30 min | N | Y |
Krystal [19] | 2010 | Armodafinil | 200 | 12 | Parallel | Y | MWT 30 min | Y | Y |
Greve [20] | 2014 | Armodafinil | 200 | 2 | Parallel | Y | N | N | Y |
ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MWT: Maintenance of Wakefulness Test; MSLT: Mean Sleep Latency Test; FOSQ: Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire; CGI-C: Clinical Global Impression of Change; Y: outcome measured and reported; ∼: outcome measured but not able to be included in meta-analysis; N: outcome not measured.