Clinical symptom characteristics of the derivation group
| Total | PCD-positive | PCD-negative | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Subjects | 641 | 75 | 566 | ||
| Neonatal symptoms | |||||
| Neonatal respiratory support | 72 (11.2) | 31 (41.3) | 41 (7.2) | 9.77 (5.53–17.26) | <0.001 |
| Neonatal chest symptoms | 153 (23.0) | 56 (74.6) | 97 (17.1) | 13.56 (7.60–24.11) | <0.001 |
| Neonatal rhinitis | 57 (8.9) | 20 (26.6) | 37 (6.5) | 5.53 (2.99–10.23) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory symptoms | |||||
| Persistent daily wet cough | 552 (86.1) | 70 (93.3) | 482 (85.1) | 2.38 (0.93–6.07) | 0.069 |
| Recurrent wheeze | 254 (39.6) | 36 (48.0) | 218 (38.5) | 1.39 (0.86–2.26) | 0.176 |
| Previous pneumonia | 227 (35.4) | 31 (41.3) | 196 (34.6) | 1.14 (0.69–1.88) | 0.585 |
| Bronchiectasis | 202 (31.5) | 22 (29.3) | 180 (31.8) | 0.94 (0.54–1.61) | 0.83 |
| Upper airway and ear symptoms | |||||
| Perennial persistent rhinitis | 386 (60.2) | 61 (81.3) | 325 (57.4) | 3.20 (1.75–5.86) | <0.001 |
| Chronic sinusitis | 159 (24.8) | 21 (28.0) | 138 (24.3) | 1.19 (0.69–2.05) | 0.52 |
| Hearing loss | 127 (19.8) | 37 (49.3) | 90 (15.9) | 5.90 (3.52–9.98) | <0.001 |
| Chronic acute otitis media | 165 (25.7) | 25 (33.3) | 140 (24.7) | 1.41 (0.85–2.32) | 0.117 |
| Serous otitis media | 152 (23.7) | 43 (57.3) | 109 (19.2) | 3.24 (2.11–4.96) | <0.001 |
| Chronic ear perforation | 59 (9.2) | 9 (12.0) | 50 (8.8) | 5.9 (3.52–9.98) | 0.398 |
| Ear surgery | 105 (16.3) | 24 (32.0) | 81 (14.3) | 2.81 (1.64–2.83) | <0.001 |
| Other clinical characteristics | |||||
| Neonatal unit | 123 (19.2) | 46 (61.3) | 77 (13.6) | 11.13 (6.46– 19.17) | <0.001 |
| Situs abnormality | 55 (8.5) | 33 (44.0) | 22 (3.9) | 17.19 (9.18–32.19) | <0.001 |
| Congenital cardiac defect | 16 (2.5) | 6 (8.0) | 10 (1.7) | 4.75 (1.81–12.48) | 0.001 |
| Hydrocephalus | 7 (1.1) | 1 (1.3) | 6 (1.0) | 1.14 (0.13–9.61) | 0.903 |
| Developmental delay# | 43 (6.7) | 8 (10.6) | 35 (6.2) | 1.68 (0.75–3.82) | 0.197 |
| Family history of disease | |||||
| PCD in siblings | 27 (4.2) | 18 (24.0) | 9 (1.6) | 19.23 (8.24–44.87) | <0.001 |
| PCD in extended family | 10 (1.5) | 4 (5.3) | 6 (1.1) | 5.22 (1.44–18.98) | 0.012 |
| Asthma | 206 (32.1) | 12 (16.0) | 194 (34.2) | 0.35 (0.18–0.67) | 0.002 |
| Bronchiectasis | 28 (4.3) | 3 (4.0) | 25 (4.4) | 0.99 (0.29–3.40) | 0.998 |
| Otitis media | 65 (10.1) | 5 (6.6) | 60 (10.6) | 0.69 (0.26–1.80) | 0.456 |
| Subfertility¶ | 36 (23.6) | 10 (90) | 26 (18.4) | 44.23 (5.42–360.91) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n or n (%), unless otherwise stated. PCD: primary ciliary dyskinesia. #: developmental delay includes those who present with gross motor delay, social delay or language delay; ¶: subfertility is based on a total of 152 referrals (positive referrals n=11, negative referrals n=141).