Participant characteristics, by sex
| Sex | ||
| Men | Women | |
| Participants n | 1476 | 1285 |
| Demographics | ||
| Age years | 62.1±10.1 | 64.3±9.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 43 | 44 |
| African–American | 22 | 24 |
| Hispanic | 21 | 18 |
| Chinese–American | 14 | 14 |
| Education | ||
| <High school | 15 | 18 |
| High school | 15 | 21 |
| <College (>high school) | 26 | 31 |
| ≥College | 44 | 30 |
| Anthropometrics | ||
| Height cm | 173.4±7.7 | 159.8±7.2 |
| Weight kg | 82.6±14.9 | 71.7±15.5 |
| Body mass index kg·m–2 | 27.4±4.1 | 28.0±5.5 |
| Disease prevalence | ||
| Hypertension | 42 | 49 |
| Systolic blood pressure mmHg | 125.2±19.0 | 128.5±23.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure mmHg | 74.7±9.3 | 69.3±10.4 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||
| None | 70 | 76 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 17 | 13 |
| Untreated diabetes | 3 | 2 |
| Treated diabetes | 10 | 9 |
| Total cholesterol mg·dL−1 | 187.6±33.9 | 202.2±35.7 |
| High-density lipoprotein mg·dL−1 | 44.9±11.7 | 57.0±15.6 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never-smoker | 43 | 60 |
| Former smoker | 44 | 29 |
| Current smoker | 13 | 11 |
| Pack-years among ever-smokers | 14.1±29.4 | 8.6±18.2 |
| Menopausal status and hormone therapy use | ||
| Pre-menopausal | 3 | |
| Post-menopausal | 97 | |
| Hormone therapy | 34 | |
| Urinary and serum sex hormone levels | ||
| Hormone therapy user | ||
| Oestradiol nmol·L−1 | 0.3±0.2 | |
| 2-hydroxyestrone ng·mL−1 | 15.8±8.8 | |
| 16α-hydroxysterone ng·mL−1 | 9.2±6.1 | |
| Hormone therapy non-user | ||
| Oestradiol nmol·L−1 | 0.1±0.1 | |
| 2-hydroxyestrone ng·mL−1 | 8.9±5.9 | |
| 16α-hydroxysterone ng·mL−1 | 5.2±3.5 | |
| Total testosterone nmol·L−1 | 15.0±5.5 | |
| Bioavailable testosterone nmol·L−1 | 5.5±2.2 | |
| RV measures | ||
| RV ejection fraction % | 68.4±6.3 | 72.7±5.9 |
| RV mass g | 22.9±4.4 | 18.9±3.5 |
| RV end-diastolic volume mL | 140.0±29.4 | 107.3±22.2 |
Data are presented as mean±sd or %, unless otherwise stated. RV: right ventricle.