Mortality rates per 100 person-years and hazard ratios of death according to stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) status according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines
| VTE | Person-years | Deaths | Mortality rate (95% CI) | HR (95% CI)# | HR (95% CI)# | |
| COPD | 15 654 | 431 | 2.8 (2.5–3.0) | 1.00 (reference) | ||
| COPD and VTE | 194 | 41 | 21.2 (15.6–28.7) | 5.54 (4.01–7.66) | ||
| COPD stage | ||||||
| I | No | 5947 | 118 | 2.0 (1.7–2.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| I | Yes | 70 | 12 | 17.1 (9.7–30.1) | 7.02 (3.83–12.85) | 7.45 (4.10–13.5) |
| II | No | 8170 | 227 | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) |
| II | Yes | 104 | 19 | 18.3 (11.7–28.7) | 4.18 (2.60–6.73) | 5.57 (3.41–9.09) |
| III/IV | No | 1537 | 86 | 5.6 (4.5–6.9) | 1.00 (reference) | 2.54 (1.92–3.36) |
| III/IV | Yes | 20 | 10 | 50.2 (27.0–93.3) | 10.88 (5.26–22.52) | 24.60 (12.73–47.55) |
Data are presented as n, unless otherwise stated. #: age is timescale, adjusted for sex.