Normal | COPD | |||
Stage I | Stage II | Stage III/IV | ||
Observation periods | 77.8 (8869) | 9.2 (1051) | 10.8 (1226) | 2.2 (252) |
Male | 41.4 (3323) | 48.9 (549) | 49.7 (722) | 57 (156) |
Age years | 63.0±9.5 | 67.7±9.2 | 67.8±8.4 | 69.3±7.6 |
FEV1 L | 2.7±0.7 | 2.6±0.7 | 1.9±0.5 | 1.1±0.3 |
FVC L | 3.6±1.0 | 3.9±1.0 | 3.1±0.8 | 2.3±0.7 |
FEV1/FVC % | 76.6±4.0 | 66.4±3.5 | 62.6±6.0 | 49.9±10.1 |
FEV1 % predicted | 93.5±14.2 | 91.3±9.5 | 67.5±8.3 | 40.2±8.4 |
Dyspnoea# | 2.8 (146) | 3.9 (31) | 5.9 (61) | 19.5 (38) |
Daily cough | 16.7 (917) | 21.6 (183) | 31.0 (342) | 49.2 (102) |
BMI kg·m−2 | 27.3±4.1 | 25.5±3.7 | 26.2±4.2 | 26.1±4.2 |
Smoking | ||||
Current | 18.0 (1582) | 29.6 (308) | 41.7 (501) | 47.2 (119) |
Former | 42.7 (3784) | 47.7 (499) | 42.2 (518) | 39.7 (100) |
Pack-years current | 19.7±12.6 | 21.5±12.7 | 23.5±14.8 | 26.0±16.1 |
Pack-years former | 12.7±12.6 | 16.6±15.9 | 19.5±15.9 | 27.7±18.3 |
History of cancer | 7.7 (616) | 10.5 (118) | 10.0 (145) | 13.9 (38) |
History of CVD | 13.6 (1092) | 16.5 (185) | 24.4 (354) | 28.2 (77) |
Diabetes | 5.3 (307) | 3.76 (34) | 5.1 (59) | 6.2 (14) |
Data are presented as mean±sd or % (n). COPD stages III and IV are combined. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; BMI: body mass index; CVD: cardiovascular disease. #: dyspnoea when walking calmly.