Differences in FEV1 and FVC z-scores (GLI-White) by ethnicity relative to White subjects, partially and fully adjusted for sex, age and anthropometry from 2751 occasions with full anthropometric data
| Sex, age, height | Adjusted for | ||
| Sex, age, height, sitting height | Sex, age, height, sitting height, chest width | ||
| FEV1 z-score | |||
| Black-African origin | −1.32 (−1.4; −1.2) | −1.17 (−1.3; −1.1) | −1.18 (−1.3; −1.1) |
| South-Asian | −0.89 (−1.0; −0.8) | −0.77 (−0.9; −0.7) | −0.76 (−0.9; −0.7) |
| Other/mixed | −0.51 (−0.6; −0.4) | −0.46 (−0.6; −0.3) | −0.47 (−0.6; −0.3) |
| BIC; df | 6277; 9 | 6218; 10 | 6183; 11 |
| FVC z-score | |||
| Black-African origin | −1.27 (−1.4; −1.2) | −1.09 (−1.2; −1) | −1.11 (−1.2; −1) |
| South-Asian | −0.95 (−1.0; −0.9) | −0.80 (−0.9; −0.7) | −0.80 (−0.9; −0.7) |
| Other/mixed | −0.47 (−0.6; −0.3) | −0.42 (−0.5; −0.3) | −0.43 (−0.5; −0.3) |
| BIC; df | 6188; 9 | 6101; 10 | 5993; 11 |
Data presented as β-coefficient (95% CI), derived from modelling, unless otherwise stated. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; GLI: Global Lung Function Initiative; BIC: Bayesian information criterion, df: degrees of freedom. After further adjusting for sitting height, ethnic differences in FEV1 and FVC z-scores were further reduced by 11% and 14%, respectively, in Black-African origin children, by 13% and 16%, respectively, in South-Asian children and by 10% and 11%, respectively, in Other/mixed ethnicity children.