Baseline patient characteristics for the entire cohort and subgroup who produced sufficient sputum for bacterial investigations
| Entire cohort | Subgroup with sputum analysis | Bacteria | p-value for interaction# | ||
| Positive | Negative | ||||
| Patients n | 218 | 53 | 23 | 30 | |
| Sex male | 160/218 (73.4) | 41/53 (77.4) | 18/23 (78.3) | 23/30 (76.7) | >0.4 |
| Age years | 46.7±9.8 | 47.2±9.4 | 48.1±8.5 | 46.5±10.1 | >0.4 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White British | 87/218 (39.9) | 21/53 (39.6) | 11/23 (47.8) | 10/30 (33.3) | >0.4 |
| Black African | 60/218 (27.5) | 13/53 (24.5) | 5/23 (21.7) | 8/30 (26.7) | >0.4 |
| Born in the UK | 87/218 (39.9) | 21/52 (40.4) | 9/23 (39.1) | 12/29 (41.4) | >0.4 |
| Lifestyle | |||||
| Ever smoker | 101/214 (47.2) | 24/52 (46.2) | 15/23 (65.2) | 9/30 (30.0) | 0.01 |
| Current smoker | 49/214 (22.9) | 14/52 (26.9) | 11/23 (47.8) | 3/30 (10.0) | <0.01 |
| Ever smoker pack-years | 16.8±14.5 | 17.9±15.3 | 19.1±16.0 | 15.9±14.7 | >0.4 |
| Injecting drug use | 21/192 (10.9) | 3/51 (5.9) | 3/23 (13.0) | 0/30 (0.0) | 0.08 |
| Respiratory health | |||||
| Cough in last week | 50/214 (23.4) | 20/52 (38.5)¶ | 7/23 (30.4) | 13/30 (43.3) | >0.4 |
| History of | |||||
| Any respiratory symptom | 122/214 (57.0) | 38/52 (73.1)¶ | 19/23 (82.6) | 19/30 (63.3) | 0.21 |
| Wheeze | 59/211 (28.0) | 21/52 (40.4) | 11/23 (47.8) | 10/30 (33.3) | >0.4 |
| Breathlessness | 67/211 (31.8) | 17/52 (32.7) | 9/23 (39.1) | 8/30 (26.7) | >0.4 |
| Winter cough | 85/212 (40.1) | 32/52 (61.5)¶ | 15/23 (65.2) | 17/30 (56.7) | >0.4 |
| Previous PCP | 25/198 (12.6) | 6/50 (12.0) | 4/23 (17.4) | 2/27 (7.4) | 0.39 |
| Previous bacterial pneumonia | 25/198 (12.6) | 8/49 (16.3) | 3/23 (13.0) | 5/30 (16.7) | >0.4 |
| FEV1 % pred | 93.5±25.0 | 92.1±18.5 | 91.4±19.0 | 92.6±18.5 | >0.4 |
| FEV1/FVC <0.7 | 14/205 (6.8) | 6/53 (11.3) | 2/23 (8.7) | 4/30 (13.3) | >0.4 |
| HIV management | |||||
| Nadir CD4 T-cell count | 238 (109–330) | 221 (81–307) | 207 (59–301) | 232 (95–327) | >0.4 |
| Latest CD4 T-cell count | 609 (447–784) | 707 (428–808) | 707 (427–814) | 679 (418–807) | >0.4 |
| ART | |||||
| Currently using | 184/218 (84.4) | 42/53 (79.2) | 17/23 (73.9) | 25/30 (83.3) | >0.4 |
| Previously used | 19/218 (8.7) | 7/53 (13.2) | 4/23 (17.4) | 3/30 (10.0) | |
| Naïve | 15/218 (6.9) | 4/53 (7.5) | 2/23 (8.7) | 2/30 (6.7) | |
| HIV load undetectable | 182/217 (83.9) | 42/53 (75.5) | 18/23 (78.3) | 24/30 (80.0) | >0.4 |
| Using PCP prophylaxis | 10/211 (4.7) | 2/52 (2.8) | 0/23 (0.0) | 2/30 (6.7) | >0.4 |
Data are presented as n/N (%), mean±sd, or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. The subgroup that produced sputum is split into those with detectable bacteria (bacteria positive) and those without bacteria (bacteria negative) and the p-values for the differences between these two groups are shown. PCP: Pneumocystis pneumonia; FEV1; forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; ART: antiretroviral therapy. #: bacteria positive versus negative; ¶: indicates significant differences.