TABLE 2

Qualitative summary of the in vivo efficacy of nintedanib in animal models of lung fibrosis

	Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis				Silica-induced lung fibrosis
	Rat		Mouse		Mouse
Model	Preventive	Therapeutic	Preventive	Therapeutic	Preventive	Therapeutic^#
Histology
Fibrosis	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
Inflammation	ND	ND	↓	↓	↓	↓
Granuloma	ND	ND	ND	ND	↓	↓
Lung tissue
TGF-β mRNA	↓	↓	ND	ND	ND	ND
Procollagen-1 mRNA	↓	↓	ND	ND	ND	ND
Total collagen	ND	ND	–	↓	↓	↓
IL-1β	ND	ND	↓	↓	↓	↓
IL-6	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	↓
CXCL1/KC	ND	ND	–	–	↓	↓
TIMP-1	ND	ND	↓	↓	↓	↓
BALF
Total cells	ND	ND	–	–	–	–
Macrophages	ND	ND	–	–	–	–
Neutrophils	ND	ND	ND	ND	↓	↓
Lymphocytes	ND	ND	↓	↓	↓	↓

↓: significant reduction (independent of dose used); –: no significant effect (independent of dose used); ND: not determined; TGF: transforming growth factor; IL: interleukin; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. ^#: therapeutic treatment starting on day 10. Data from [78].