New classes of drug introduced for respiratory diseases
| Drug class | Examples | Disease indication | Comments |
| LTRA | Montelukast and zafirlukast | Asthma | Weakly effective |
| Anti-IgE | Omalizumab | Severe asthma | Effective in selected patients |
| PDE4 inhibitors | Roflumilast | COPD | Low therapeutic index |
| EGFR inhibitors | Gefitinib and erlotinib | Lung cancer | Selected patients EGFR+ |
| CFTR potentiators | Ivacaftor | Cystic fibrosis | Only for G551D mutation (∼4% of patients) |
| Endothelin receptor- antagonists | Bosentan, ambrisentan and macitentan | Group 1 pulmonary hypertension | Rare disease |
| Soluble guanylate cyclase activators | Riociguat | Group 1 and 4 pulmonary hypertension | Rare disease |
| PDE5 inhibitors | Sildenafil and tadalafil | Group 1 pulmonary hypertension | Rare disease |
| Anti-fibrotic agents | Pirfenidone and nintedanib | IPF | Rare disease |
| Anti-tuberculous drugs | Bedaquiline | Drug-resistant TB | Poor safety |
LTRA: leukotriene receptor antagonist; PDE: phosphodiesterase; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; CFTR: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IPF: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; TB: tuberculosis.