| Adult airway obstruction | FEV1 change | |||
| COPD % | OR¶ (95% CI) | Mean+ mL·year−1 | Coefficient+ (95% CI) | |
| No atopy | ||||
| No asthma | ||||
| Never-smokers | 0.4 | 1.00 | −26.1 | 0 |
| Current smokers | 1.7 | 4.56 (2.69–7.74) | −32.8 | −6.65 (−8.82– −4.48) |
| Early-onset asthma | ||||
| Never-smokers | 3.1 | 6.93 (2.02–23.76) | −25.7 | 0.46 (−8.17– 9.09) |
| Current smokers | 9.1 | 22.22 (9.71–50.84) | −34.2 | −8.09 (−17.90– 1.71) |
| Late-onset asthma | ||||
| Never-smokers | 5.6 | 9.73 (4.47–21.14) | −26.2 | −0.01 (−6.03– 6.01) |
| Current smokers | 14.9 | 30.33 (15.48–59.41) | −38.4 | −12.25 (−19.42– −5.08) |
| Atopy | ||||
| No asthma | ||||
| Never-smokers | 0.5 | 1.00 | −23.9 | 0 |
| Current smokers | 1.7 | 3.25 (1.55–6.80) | −28.2 | −4.31 (−8.38– −0.24) |
| Early-onset asthma | ||||
| Never-smokers | 11.3 | 19.41 (9.42–40.00) | −37.4 | −13.53 (−19.81– −7.26) |
| Current smokers | 11.0 | 18.41 (8.38–40.47) | −38.5 | −14.60 (−24.09– −5.12) |
| Late-onset asthma | ||||
| Never-smokers | 7.1 | 9.43 (4.48–19.84) | −31.6 | −7.71 (−13.20– −2.22) |
| Current smokers | 11.8 | 17.59 (8.26–37.47) | −30.4 | −6.48 (−14.04– 1.08) |
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s. #: pre-bronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio <70% and FEV1 <80% predicted measured either at the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) I or II; ¶: from generalised estimation equation models adjusted for sample, age, height, country, education and sex; +: from mixed-effects linear regression adjusted for FEV1 at baseline, education, age, height, body mass index (BMI) change, BMI, sample, sex and country.