Results of the multilevel regression models for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality rate and the COPD mortality rate ratio
Variable | log COPD mortality rate | log COPD mortality rate ratio for 2010:1990 | ||||
1990 | 2010 | Coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | |||
Coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p-value | |||
log smoking index | 0.43 (0.33–0.52) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.28–0.48) | <0.001 | ||
log GNI | −0.47 (−0.68– −0.26) | <0.001 | −0.31 (−0.53– −0.08) | 0.01 | ||
log smoking index ratio for 2010:1990 | 0.004 (0.002–0.004) | <0.001 | ||||
log GNI ratio for 2010:1990 | −0.34 (−0.60– −0.06) | 0.02 | ||||
Age years | ||||||
40–44 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
45–49 | 0.69 (0.56–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.72 (0.58–0.86) | <0.001 | 0·04 (−0.04–0.11) | 0.38 |
50–54 | 1.47 (1.35–1.59) | <0.001 | 1.47 (1.34–1.61) | <0.001 | 0·01 (−0.07–0.09) | 0.76 |
55–59 | 2.16 (2.03–2.28) | <0.001 | 2.19 (2.05–2.32) | <0.001 | 0·05 (−0.03–0.13) | 0.24 |
60–64 | 2.81 (2.68–2.94) | <0.001 | 2.88 (2.74–3.01) | <0.001 | 0·10 (0.02–0.18) | 0.02 |
65–69 | 3.60 (3.47–3.72) | <0.001 | 3.76 (3.62–3.89) | <0.001 | 0·19 (0.11–0.27) | <0.001 |
70–74 | 3.91 (3.78–4.04) | <0.001 | 4.08 (3.94–4.22) | <0.001 | 0·20 (0.12–0.28) | <0.001 |
75–79 | 4.42 (4.29–4.55) | <0.001 | 4.62 (4.48–4.77) | <0.001 | 0·21 (0.13–0.29) | <0.001 |
>80 | 5.11 (4.98–5.24) | <0.001 | 5.43 (5.28–5.57) | <0.001 | 0·26 (0.18–0.34) | <0.001 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
Female | −0.56 (−0.62– −0.50) | <0.001 | −0.64 (−0.70– −0.57) | <0.001 | −0.12 (−0.16– −0.07) | <0.001 |
GNI: gross national income; Ref.: reference.