TABLE 5 Associations between plasma α-tocopherol during pregnancy and wheezing and asthma outcomes in 10-year-old children
Maternal α-tocopherol μg·mL−1
Adjusted OR (95% CI)#,¶p-value
Postal questionnaire+
 Ever wheezed0.71 (0.43–1.19)0.198
 Wheeze in past year0.74 (0.39–1.41)0.365
 Wheezed in absence of a cold in past year0.76 (0.35–1.64)0.477
 Doctor confirmed asthma0.64 (0.35–1.17)0.148
 Asthma and wheeze in past year0.80 (0.37–1.71)0.563
 Asthma medication in past year0.58 (0.31–1.10)0.096
Augmented follow-up§
 Asthma medication in past year0.52 (0.31–0.87)0.013
Longitudinalƒ
 Wheeze in past year##0.80 (0.57–1.12)0.194
 Doctor confirmed asthma¶¶0.79 (0.51–1.22)0.284
 Asthma and wheeze in past year##0.76 (0.49–1.18)0.219
  • #: adjusted for maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal atopy, birth order, child’s sex, maternal age at recruitment, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, birth weight, birth crown-heel length, birth head circumference and maternal vitamin D intake; : OR expressed per standard deviation increase in α-tocopherol, adjusted for plasma cholesterol and gestational age when sample taken; +: n=934; §: n=1748; ƒ: 1, 2, 5 and 10 year data; ##: generalised estimating equations; ¶¶: discrete hazards modelling, hazard ratio.