| Parameter | Study | Group | Males | Females | ||
| Mean of individual subject differences# % | Absolute difference | Mean of individual subject differences# % | Absolute difference | |||
| FEV1 L | Quanjer [3] | ECSC | -10.80 | 0.11 | -6.22 | 0.06 |
| Hankinson [2] | Caucasian | -13.95 | 0.14 | -12.98 | 0.13 | |
| Mexican-American | -15.31 | 0.15 | -13.09 | 0.13 | ||
| African-American | 2.77 | 0.03 | 4.86 | 0.05 | ||
| Quanjer [4] | Caucasian¶ | -14.39 | 0.14 | -12.42 | 0.12 | |
| Black+ | 2.41 | 0.02 | 3.08 | 0.03 | ||
| North East Asian§ | -10.45 | 0.10 | -10.75 | 0.11 | ||
| South East Asianƒ | -4.79 | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.00 | ||
| Other## | -6.58 | 0.06 | -4.73 | 0.05 | ||
| This study | Malagasy | 0.71 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | |
| FVC L | Quanjer [3] | ECSC | -14.07 | 0.14 | -6.84 | 0.07 |
| Hankinson [2] | Caucasian | -22.54 | 0.23 | -15.92 | 0.16 | |
| Mexican-American | -21.96 | 0.22 | -16.86 | 0.17 | ||
| African-American | -1.31 | 0.01 | 2.14 | 0.02 | ||
| Quanjer [4] | Caucasian¶ | -19.90 | 0.20 | -16.23 | 0.16 | |
| Black+ | -1.32 | 0.01 | 0.51 | 0.05 | ||
| North East Asian§ | -15.14 | 0.15 | -13.22 | 0.13 | ||
| South East Asianƒ | -6.58 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.00 | ||
| Other## | -10.40 | 0.10 | -6.94 | 0.07 | ||
| This study | Malagasy | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.53 | 0.01 | |
| FEV1/FVC % | Quanjer [3] | ECSC | -9.20 | 0.09 | -9.35 | 0.09 |
| Hankinson [2] | Caucasian | 7.18 | 0.07 | 4.49 | 0.04 | |
| Mexican-American | -9.45 | 0.09 | -9.67 | 0.09 | ||
| African-American | 7.44 | 0.07 | 7.80 | 0.08 | ||
| Quanjer [4] | Caucasian¶ | 4.64 | 0.05 | 3.10 | 0.03 | |
| Black+ | 3.88 | 0.04 | 2.56 | 0.03 | ||
| North East Asian§ | 4.11 | 0.04 | 2.24 | 0.02 | ||
| South East Asianƒ | 1.90 | 0.02 | -0.29 | 0.00 | ||
| Other## | 3.62 | 0.04 | 2.06 | 0.02 | ||
| This study | Malagasy | -0.34 | 0.0034 | 0.05 | 0.00 | |
FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; ECSC: European Community for Steel and Coal. #: observed-predicted; ¶: people from Europe, Israel, Australia, USA, Canada, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela, Algeria and Tunisia, and Mexican-Americans; +: equivalent to African-American, with data exclusively from the USA population collected for the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) lung study [8], NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) III [2], NHANES IV [9] and the study by Wang et al. 10; §: Korea and China north of the Huaihe River and Qinling Mountains; ƒ: Thailand, Taiwan and China south of the Huaihe River and Qinling Mountains; ##: individuals not represented by the other four groups in the study by Quanjer et al. [4].