| First author [ref.] | ||||||||||
| Divo [46] | Vanfleteren [48] | Mapel [45] | Cazzola [44] | Van Manen [49] | Schnell [42] | |||||
| Disease ascertainment | Self-reported | Measured | Administrative database | Administrative database | Administrative database | Self-reported/measured | ||||
| COPD | Control | COPD | Control | COPD | Control | COPD | Control | |||
| Subjects n | 1659 | 213 | 200 | 200 | 15 000 | 325 000 | 290 | 421 | 995 | 14 828 |
| Hypertension | 52.3 | 48 | 45 | 36.5 | 22.7 | 21.4 | 60.4 | 52.2 | ||
| Hyperlipidaemia | 43.5 | 36 | 47.6 | 41.3 | ||||||
| CAD | 30.2 | 9 | 22 | 14.5 | 15.9 | 6.6 | ||||
| Obesity | 29.0 | 23 | 40.3 | 33.5 | ||||||
| DJD | 28.7 | 22 | 19.5 | 54.6 | 36.9 | |||||
| Muscle wasting | 28 | |||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 21.5 | 54 | 8 | 6.5 | 18.7 | 10.5 | 7.1 | 4.6 | 16.3 | 12.8 |
| GORD | 17.7 | |||||||||
| PAD | 16.7 | 53 | 5.5 | 1.7 | ||||||
| Depression | 16.7 | 16 | 17 | 13 | 7.4 | 5.3 | 8.7 | 4.4 | 20.6 | 12.5 |
| CRF | 16.7 | 22 | 1.5 | 1 | 16.2 | 10.5 | ||||
| CHF | 15.7 | 13.5 | 2.5 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 12.1 | ||||
| Underweight | 15.0 | 14 | ||||||||
| Substance abuse | 13.8 | |||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 13.0 | |||||||||
| Anxiety | 11.9 | 21 | 8.6 | 3.8 | ||||||
| Erectile dysfunction | 11.7 | |||||||||
| Gastric/duodenal ulcer | 11.5 | 32 | 17 | 7.2 | 1.5 | |||||
| CVA | 10.7 | 4 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 8.9 | 4.5 | |||
| Pulmonary HTN+CP | 10.2 | |||||||||
| OSA | 10.1 | |||||||||
| Lung cancer | 9.1 | 1.9 | 0.4 | |||||||
| Osteoporosis | 8.4 | 31 | 14.8 | 10.8 | 16.9 | 8.5 | ||||
| Hypothyroidism | 7.0 | |||||||||
| Breast cancer | 7.0 | |||||||||
| AAA | 6.5 | |||||||||
| Pulmonary fibrosis | 6.1 | |||||||||
| DVT | 5.1 | |||||||||
| Anaemia | 5 | 9.3 | 6.2 | |||||||
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 12 | 9.5 | 13.6 | 6.9 | ||||||
Data are presented as % unless otherwise stated. CAD: coronary artery disease; DJD: degenerative joint disease; GORD: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; PAD: peripheral artery disease; CRF: chronic renal failure; CHF: congestive heart failure; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; HTN: hypertension; CP: cor pulmonale; OSA: obstructive sleep apnoea; AAA: abdominal aortic aneurism; DVT: deep-venous thrombosis.