| Never-smokers with asthma | Smokers with asthma | |||||
| Mild | Moderate | Severe | Mild | Moderate | Severe | |
| Subjects n | 12 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 19 |
| MMP-9 activity ng·mL−1 | 29.4 (17.5–40.5) | 21.8 (16.5–32.0) | 31.6 (12.5–55.8) | 18.9 (13.0–47.4) | 14.3 (12.5–44.0) | 13.5 (12.5–23.2) |
| MMP-9 ng·mL−1 | 106 (69–156) | 90 (40–143) | 97 (42–140) | 67 (48–144) | 71 (38–355) | 80 (55–123) |
| TIMP-1 ng·mL−1 | 63.8 (42.3–110) | 54.4 (51.2–90.7) | 69.3 (52.5–117) | 96.7 (50.6–157) | 111 (53.4–143) | 85.9 (63.1–170) |
| TIMP-2 ng·mL−1 | 9.9 (6.0–16.3) | 10.6 (7.4–16.0) | 14.0 (8.9–19.9) | 11.7 (8.3–16.4) | 14.1 (8.0–25.0) | 13.2 (9.5–15.6) |
| MMP-9 activity/TIMP-1 | 0.4 (0.4–0.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.4 (0.2–0.8) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.1 (0.1–0.3) |
| MMP-9 activity/TIMP-2 | 2.9 (2.4–3.1) | 2.0 (1.8–2.6) | 2.5 (1.5–3.5) | 1.4 (1.2–3.8) | 1.9 (1.3–2.7) | 1.3 (0.9–1.6) |
| MMP-9/TIMP-1 | 1.7 (1.1–2.2) | 1.6 (0.7–2.1) | 1.3 (0.6–1.8) | 1.3 (0.4–2.0) | 1.2 (0.5–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.7) |
| MMP-9/TIMP-2 | 10.2 (9.2–13.0) | 8.5 (6.0–11.8) | 7.4 (4.3–9.3) | 7.3 (3.5–11.2) | 6.8 (3.8–13.6) | 7.4 (4.6–10.0) |
| Sputum cytology % | ||||||
| Eosinophils | 0.7 (0.0–1.0) | 0.5 (0.0–1.4) | 1.3 (0.6–4.0) | 0.5 (0.0–1.0) | 0.0 (0.0–1.0) | 1.0 (0.5–3.5) |
| Neutrophils | 45.0 (32.2–61.5) | 44.5 (25.5–74.0) | 46.5 (25.0–71.6) | 66.5 (50.0–71.0) | 59.5 (36.5–71.5) | 48.8 (34.1–71.8) |
| Macrophages | 33.5 (24.8–53.4) | 30.5 (9.9–54.4) | 28.0 (14.9–45.5) | 24.0 (14.0–28.0) | 23.0 (14.5–48.0) | 23.2 (18.5–41.5) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase.