Variable | Females | Males |
Subjects n | 287 153 | 30 246 |
Passive smoker | ||
No exposure | 41 437 (14.4) | 9746 (32.2) |
Lived with smoker ≥20 years and current exposure ≥20 h per week | 52 249 (18.2) | 11 048 (36.5) |
Lived with smoker ≥20 years and current exposure <20 h per week | 161 361 (56.2) | 8169 (27.0) |
Lived with smoker <20 years | 32 106 (11.2) | 1283 (4.2) |
Cook regularly in current home | 263 943 (91.9) | 12 761 (42.2) |
Current exposure to smoke from cooking# | ||
Gas or electricity | 124 113 (47.0) | 9096 (71.3) |
Coal | 77 860 (29.5) | 1985 (15.6) |
Wood | 59 836 (22.7) | 1628 (12.8) |
Other fuel | 2134 (0.8) | 52 (0.4) |
Cook regularly in all homes | 127 773 (44.5) | 4407 (14.6) |
History of exposure to smoke from cooking¶ | ||
Gas/electricity only | 18 869 (14.8) | 1336 (30.3) |
Coal only | 16 303 (12.8) | 286 (6.5) |
Coal and gas/electricity | 26 461 (20.7) | 1295 (29.4) |
Wood only | 24 616 (19.3) | 560 (12.7) |
Wood and gas/electricity | 23 502 (18.4) | 647 (14.7) |
Coal and wood | 13 551 (10.6) | 169 (3.8) |
Coal, wood and gas/electricity | 3415 (2.7) | 99 (2.2) |
Combinations involving other fuel types | 1056 (0.8) | 15 (0.3) |
Heat current house in winter | 163 540 (57.0) | 17 978 (59.4) |
Current exposure to smoke from heating+ | ||
Gas/electricity/central heating | 56 005 (34.2) | 7768 (43.2) |
Coal | 65 321 (39.9) | 6234 (34.7) |
Wood | 41 025 (25.1) | 3897 (21.7) |
Other fuel | 1189 (0.7) | 79 (0.4) |
Heated all homes in winter | 141 678 (49.3) | 16 078 (53.2) |
History of exposure to smoke from heating§ | ||
Gas/electricity/central heating only | 10 185 (7.2) | 1807 (11.2) |
Coal only | 39 689 (28.0) | 4386 (27.3) |
Coal and gas/electricity/central heating | 26 349 (18.6) | 4242 (26.4) |
Wood only | 36 815 (26.0) | 3509 (21.8) |
Wood and gas/electricity/central heating | 3519 (2.5) | 404 (2.5) |
Coal and wood | 22 910 (16.2) | 1530 (9.5) |
Coal, wood and gas/electricity/central heating | 975 (0.7) | 111 (0.7) |
Combinations involving other fuel types | 1236 (0.9) | 89 (0.6) |
Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. #: among those who cook regularly in their current home; ¶: among those who cooked regularly in all homes; +: among those who heat their current house in winter; §: among those who have heated all homes in winter.