Table 2– History of exposure to household air pollution in never smokers
VariableFemalesMales
Subjects n287 15330 246
Passive smoker
 No exposure41 437 (14.4)9746 (32.2)
 Lived with smoker ≥20 years and current exposure ≥20 h per week52 249 (18.2)11 048 (36.5)
 Lived with smoker ≥20 years and current exposure <20 h per week161 361 (56.2)8169 (27.0)
 Lived with smoker <20 years32 106 (11.2)1283 (4.2)
Cook regularly in current home263 943 (91.9)12 761 (42.2)
 Current exposure to smoke from cooking#
  Gas or electricity124 113 (47.0)9096 (71.3)
  Coal77 860 (29.5)1985 (15.6)
  Wood59 836 (22.7)1628 (12.8)
  Other fuel2134 (0.8)52 (0.4)
Cook regularly in all homes127 773 (44.5)4407 (14.6)
 History of exposure to smoke from cooking
  Gas/electricity only18 869 (14.8)1336 (30.3)
  Coal only16 303 (12.8)286 (6.5)
  Coal and gas/electricity26 461 (20.7)1295 (29.4)
  Wood only24 616 (19.3)560 (12.7)
  Wood and gas/electricity23 502 (18.4)647 (14.7)
  Coal and wood13 551 (10.6)169 (3.8)
  Coal, wood and gas/electricity3415 (2.7)99 (2.2)
  Combinations involving other fuel types1056 (0.8)15 (0.3)
Heat current house in winter163 540 (57.0)17 978 (59.4)
 Current exposure to smoke from heating+
  Gas/electricity/central heating56 005 (34.2)7768 (43.2)
  Coal65 321 (39.9)6234 (34.7)
  Wood41 025 (25.1)3897 (21.7)
  Other fuel1189 (0.7)79 (0.4)
Heated all homes in winter141 678 (49.3)16 078 (53.2)
 History of exposure to smoke from heating§
  Gas/electricity/central heating only10 185 (7.2)1807 (11.2)
  Coal only39 689 (28.0)4386 (27.3)
  Coal and gas/electricity/central heating26 349 (18.6)4242 (26.4)
  Wood only36 815 (26.0)3509 (21.8)
  Wood and gas/electricity/central heating3519 (2.5)404 (2.5)
  Coal and wood22 910 (16.2)1530 (9.5)
  Coal, wood and gas/electricity/central heating975 (0.7)111 (0.7)
  Combinations involving other fuel types1236 (0.9)89 (0.6)
  • Data are presented as n (%), unless otherwise stated. #: among those who cook regularly in their current home; : among those who cooked regularly in all homes; +: among those who heat their current house in winter; §: among those who have heated all homes in winter.