Table 5– Invasive procedures and surgical complications by major trials of lung screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT)

Trial	Participants enrolled LDCT/control	Participants who underwent invasive procedure^# LDCT/control	Surgery LDCT/control	Mortality LDCT/control	Surgical complications LDCT/control
IELCAP [19]	1000^#,¶	27	25	0	NR
PLuSS [25]	3755^#	NR	82	NR	NR
DANTE [29], [30]	1403/1196	134/54	77/31⁺	3/1	22/6
DLCST [31], [32]	2052/2052	25/NR	11/NR	1/NR	0/NR
NELSON [34], [47]	7915 /7907	237/NR	215/NR	0/NR	112^§/NR
NLST [41], [42]	26722/26732	926/366	297/121	16/10	165/59^ƒ
MILD [45]	1190 and 1186^##/1723	NR^¶¶	19/26/NR	0/0/NR	NR

NR: not reported. ^#: single arm; ^¶: including surgery; ⁺: 92 surgeries reported in the original work and 108 at the review on surgical outcome [57]; ^§: 94 minor and 18 major complications; ^ƒ: invasive non-surgical complications; 19 and six in the LDCT and chest radiography groups, respectively; ^##: biannual CT; ^¶¶: minor invasive procedures not specified.