| Variable | New TB cases | Previously treated TB cases | ||
| Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |
| Demographic and socioeconomic factors | ||||
| Age years | ||||
| <40 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| ≥40 | 0.26 (0.11–0.60) | 0.34 (0.15– 0.79) | 0.31 (0.12–0.83) | 0.49 (0.20–1.21) |
| Living in an urban or rural area | ||||
| Rural | Reference | Reference | ||
| Urban | 1.89 (0.86–4.12) | 1.64 (0.63–4.30) | ||
| Homeless | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 2.58 (0.43–15.65) | 0.78 (0.15–10.96) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Male | 1.55 (0.60–3.98) | 0.39 (0.12–1.26) | 0.35 (0.11–1.08) | |
| Citizenship | ||||
| Moldovan | Reference | Reference | ||
| Other | 2.86 (0.03–299.2) | 10.39 (0.10–1093.1) | ||
| Occupation | ||||
| Other | Reference | Reference | ||
| Employed | 0.22 (0.07–0.73) | 0.28 (0.05–1.40) | 0.36 (0.06, 2.22) | |
| Salaried | ||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | ||
| No | 2.97 (1.13–7.81) | 1.48 (0.39–5.59) | 3.33 (0.97–11.43) | |
| Education (linear) | ||||
| For each increase in education level¶ | 0.87 (0.52–1.46) | 0.54 (0.27–1.11) | ||
| Spent >3 months outside Moldova during previous 12 months | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Yes | 3.67 (1.54–8.79) | 2.30 (0.99–5.35) | 1.46 (0.37–5.76) | |
| Was previously in detention | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Yes | 11.97 (3.59–39.91) | 9.10 (2.80–29.54) | 3.60 (0.94–13.81) | |
| Household size | ||||
| Living with others | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Living alone | 4.85 (1.92–12.22) | 4.12 (1.60–10.59) | 1.31 (0.43–4.01) | |
| Number of children in the household | ||||
| At least one | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| None | 2.22 (0.95–5.19) | 1.57 (0.64–3.87) | 0.63 (0.23–1.70) | |
| Lives with someone with diagnosed TB | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 2.10 (0.52–8.52) | 1.48 (0.34–6.45) | ||
| Region of residence | Could not be estimated | Could not be estimated | ||
| HIV status and TB-related factors | ||||
| Degree of lung pathology | ||||
| Infiltration | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Destruction | 3.33 (1.37–8.08) | 2.40 (1.01–5.71) | 4.29 (1.22–15.13) | 3.29 (1.02–10.67) |
| Smear microscopy result | ||||
| Negative/untested/result unknown | Reference | Reference | ||
| Positive | 2.10 (0.87–5.08) | 3.28 (0.82–13.17) | ||
| Culture positive, linear graded 1–3 | ||||
| For each increase in grade | 1.47 (0.91–2.38) | 1.28 (0.80–2.05) | 1.21 (0.65, 2.26) | |
| HIV status | ||||
| Negative/untested/result unknown | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Positive | 12.96 (3.16–53.15) | 4.70 (1.24–17.82) | 6.59 (0.79–55.22) | |
| Presence of resistance to any first-line drugs at baseline+ | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||
| Any drug resistance present | 14.31 (5.69–35.96) | 6.22 (2.21–17.52) | ||
| Number of drugs to which there was resistance | ||||
| Linear trend 0,1,2,3 | 5.84 (3.57–9.56) | 3.85 (2.17–6.83) | 4.48 (2.56–7.85) | 2.85 (1.51–5.36) |
| Resistance to isoniazid+ | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||
| Any | 22.35 (8.08–61.79) | 4.02 (1.35–11.92) | ||
| Any resistance to rifampicin+ | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Any | 18.65 (2.87–121.2) | 111.16 (21.72–569.0) | 20.50 (4.83–86.94) | |
| Any resistance to ethambutol+ | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Any | 81.44 (22.15–299.5) | 3.45 (0.78–15.27) | 49.58 (10.85–226.6) | 2.54 (0.47–13.76) |
| Any resistance to streptomycin+ | ||||
| None | Reference | Reference | ||
| Any | 11.13 (4.39–28.19) | 6.44 (2.24–18.49) | ||
Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals from univariable and multivariable models are presented for both new and previously treated cases. Cells left blank indicate that variable was not included in the multivariable model. #: between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2010; ¶: categories in increasing order: no education, primary, secondary, specialised secondary, higher; +: all of these variables were potentially highly correlated (online supplementary material).