Table 2– Indicators of asthma control and their association with electronically measured adherence during the 2 months before assessment of asthma control, and with 12-month adherence

	Number of tests total/adherence/comparison	Test results	Adherence in the 2 months before clinic visit		Comparison between children with good^# and moderate^¶ 12-month adherence
			Rank correlation coefficient	p-value	p-value
ACQ⁺
Winter	172/154/149	0.58 (0.00–1.17)	-0.16	0.048	0.003
Summer	118/106/97	0.50 (0.00–1.00)	-0.31	0.001	0.001
PACQOL^§
Winter	95/79/83	6.6 (5.8–6.8)	0.22	0.053	0.081
Summer	54/51/46	6.6 (5.9–6.9)	0.30	0.034	0.024
VAS asthma control physician
Winter	85/76/88	89 (82–95)	0.22	0.063	0.002
Summer	79/71/59	88 (82–94)	0.24	0.044	0.003
Lung function
6 months
FVC z-score	39/38/33	-0.3 (-1.2–0.7)	0.36	0.028	0.032
FEV₁ z-score	39/38/33	0.0 (-0.6–0.9)	0.29	0.079	0.040
F_eNO	17/17/12	15 (9–21)	-0.36	0.162	0.808
12 months
FVC z-score	42/41/36	0.3 (-0.8–1.3)	0.30	0.060	0.047
FEV₁ z-score	42/41/36	0.7 (-0.5–1.1)	0.29	0.065	0.008
F_eNO	19/19/17	12 (8–19)	-0.56	0.013	0.037

Data are presented as n or median (interquartile range), unless otherwise stated. ACQ: Asthma Control Questionnaire; PACQOL: Paediatric Asthma Caregiver Quality of Life questionnaire; VAS: visual analogue scale; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV₁: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; F_eNO: exhaled nitric oxide fraction. ^#: >80% adherence, n=51;^¶: 50–80% adherence, n=20; ⁺: <0.75 (well controlled), >1.5 (not well controlled); ^§: 1 (low) to 7 (high).